Australian Jewish Land Settlement Trust at Berwick

The Jewish Land Settlement Trust endeavour was established at Berwick in 1927. A similar Jewish settlement had been established at Orrvale near Shepparton in 1913. Berwick was selected because it was close to Melbourne and the land could be used for market gardening or poultry which allowed a quick return for effort rather than having to wait for years for orchards to establish like the settlers did at Orrvale (1). The rationale behind the settlements was to give newly arrived Jewish immigrants an opportunity to become farmers and find employment outside the cities  but with ongoing support from the Land Settlement Trust. There is an excellent overview of the rationale of the scheme and how it operated in a report in the Hebrew Standard of Australasia of August 31, 1928, read it here.

The actual settlement was at the Closer Settlement Board Estate, Hallam Valley, Berwick.  This Estate was bordered by Narre Warren-Cranbourne Road on the west, Berwick-Clyde Road to the east, Golf Links Road to the north and  Greaves Road to the south.  The State Rivers and Water Supply Commission had purchased  land in the area in 1924 with a view of cutting up the land into blocks of 10 acres to 16 acres for market gardens and intense culture, as The Age reported. (2)  The report continued with  A portion of the area is at present subject to flooding by the tributaries of Eumemmerring creek, but steps are being taken to reclaim this portion by means of suitable drainage. The blocks are to be supplied with water pressure by means of a pipe system from the Berwick Dandenong main race (3). The Weekly Times described it as scrub-covered, morass land (4). 

Work continued on the reclamation works and The Argus reported on August 18, 1927 that it was now practicable to establish permanent settlement on the land, a large proportion of which formerly carried a dense growth of tee tree scrub covering an undrained swamp (5).

It would be interesting to see the slides of Berwick from this 1928 presentation.

Hebrew Standard of Australasia August 24 1928 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article120471277

In a paper written by Jeffrey John Turnbull From Ghettoes to Gardens (6) he lists the eight initial settlers at Berwick as H. Ash, D. Brown, I. Eizenberg, A. Hayat Senior, Hayat Junior, M. Meshaloff, G. Rovkin, A. Sneid.

The Hayat family - photo taken in Cyrpus, early 1920s.

Left to right - Joseph, Jacob, their mother Rachel, Sara, their father Abraham, Amram and Isaac.

Abraham and his son, Jacob, farmed at Hallam Valley.

Image courtesy of Mrs Freda Pamamull, the daughter of Sara.

The Shire of Berwick Rate Books list a number of settlers from the Closer Settlement Board subdivision in the 1928/29 year. The Rate books were not always accurate with the spelling of either given or family names, but here's the most likely matches from the Rate Books. You can find the exact location  of the blocks on the section of the Parish of Berwick plan, below.

Ash, Harry - 31 acres, Lots 30 & 31, Section 3 Hallam Valley
Brown, D - can't find him listed in the Rate Books, however, more of him later.
Eizenberg, I - Mordeka Eisenberg - 12.5 acres, Lot 20, Section 4
Hayat, Abraham - 20 acres, Lot 32, Section 4
Hayat, Jacob - 13 acres, Lot 21, Section 4
Mishaloff, Nathan - 19½ acres, Lot 10, Section 4
Rovkin, Gregory - 22 acres, Lot 14, Section 4
Sneid, Adolph - 25 acres, Lot 21, Section 3.

Jewish settlers were able to buy 11 blocks of the first 89 sold by the Closer Settlement Board, and this later increased to 17 blocks (7). It is hard to work out who the other settlers are as obviously  the religion of rate payers is not listed, but here are some other settlers (8) who acquired land at the same time and who may  have been part of this group of Jewish settlers -

Braun, Boris - 14 acres, Lot 19, Section 4.
Bulate, Alex - 25 acres, Lot 28, Section 3
Ephstein, Boris - 15 acres, Lot 31, Section 3
Haber, Harry - 20 acres, Lot 22, Section 3
Kapel, Judel - 20 acres, Lot 15, Section 4
Mond, Isaac - 15½ acres, Lot 29, Section 3.
Ostin, J. Boris - 24 acres, Lot 23, Section 3
Rothfield, Jacob - 24 acres, Lot 12, Section 3
Silverstein, Abraham - 16 acres, Lot 3, Section 3
Sneider, Moses - 24 ½ acres, Lot 17, Section 4
Sokolow, Abram (also listed as Sholoff) - 12 acres, Lot 26, Section 3 and 12 acres, Lot 26, Section 3a.

Jewish Society -  Lot 9, Section 4 - this was a listing in the 1931/32 Rate Books

The Hallam Valley Estate, from the Berwick Parish Plan. 

Click on the map to enlarge. The Closer Settlement Board farms were on a lease and the land could eventually be purchased but because most of the Jewish settlers had to walk away from their farms due to economic circumstances they are not listed on the Parish Plan, it is the farmers who came after them that ended up buying the farms and it is their names that appear on the Plan. Most of these farmers settled at Hallam Valley from 1934 and about half of these were returned soldiers, who had the land under the Soldier Settlement scheme. To give you some idea of the location of these properties, Lot 9, Section 4 C.M Hatton is the property where the Old Cheese Factory is located.

The settlement started off with high hopes. In May 1928, the Australian Jewish Herald, wrote about the Progress at Berwick -
A few short months ago the place looked very desolate and now, only four months since the Australian Jewish Land Settlement Trust has selected the additional four blocks, the place is fast taking shape, and already presents a pleasing picture. The landscape is changing fast. The newly-built houses are becoming surrounded with green vegetables. Poultry pens, sheds, out-buildings, are springing up. The cackling songs of pedigreed poultry are becoming louder as their numbers increase, and the faces of the settlers are becoming brighter; the hope of soon making a living from the farm does not look so very far distant now, as it did four months ago (9).

Neuman H. Rosenthal, who was acting honorary Secretary of the Australian Jewish Land Settlement Trust, was reported in the Hebrew Standard of Australasia in August 1928 - Then there is Berwick, a settlement of comparatively recent origin but already thoroughly established and already producing revenue for the settlers. Berwick is only 27 miles from Melbourne and there the main product is vegetables. But I would that you could see the difference that even six months toil has made to the immigrants who have been placed at Berwick (10).

Mr L. Morris, a member of the Australian Jewish Land Settlement Trust, also believed that the Berwick Settlement would be successful due to the motivation of the settlers and the standard of the land - 

In regard to the farmer himself, it needs no stretch of imagination to tell you first of all he will do his best because invariably he comes from a  land where he was persecuted, and where he did not know whether he would, apart from natural causes, be alive in the morning. You can understand that they will endeavour to make the best use of their opportunities. These people, we have found, have the fertility of mind, the enterprise, the courage and all that is required to make out from the opportunities that they have the best means to make a living. There is no better land in the world, and we have found a very good spot in Berwick (11).

On the farm at Hallam Valley

Image: Australian Jewish Herald, December 1, 1927  http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page29291468

There was much interest from the wider Jewish community in Melbourne in the Berwick Settlement and organisations raised money to support the settlers and make the community a success. In April 1928, the Women's Auxiliary of Jewish Welcome Society was formed  and they organised a picnic for the Jewish farmers at Berwick. The President of the Committee was Mrs Reuben Hallenstein (nee Lucie Michaelis) a woman involved in many charitable causes (12). Mrs Hallenstein provided a sumptuous repast for all present, and the farmers and their wives were very deeply moved by the kindness shown to them. She also told the settlers that she hoped at any time the settlers felt they needed the assistance of the Auxiliary and herself, they would indicate it, and the assistance would be gladly given (13).

A settlers house at Hallam Valley

Image: Australian Jewish Herald, December 1, 1927   http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page29291471

From the beginning it was recognised that the success of the enterprise at Berwick would depend on the sense of community that the Jewish settlers found. Newman Rosenthal, who I quoted before, wrote this in December 1927 after a  visit to the settlement -  

I came away from Berwick very sincerely impressed by what I had seen, but, at the same time convinced that more settlers would have to be placed there, and that speedily, otherwise the settlement was doomed. The settlers would only remain there as long as they were forced to. The hardships of isolation were endurable only by those who had no choice. There were the children growing up. What was to become of them? The adults wanted some community life - they had grown up in it.

They feel to-day, as one little woman described it, as if they are living in “Yenner velt.” (14) They require Kosher meat, they feel the loss of the many things that went to make up their Jewish life. And in the absence of numbers, the difficulties in the way of them getting just a little of those things, are insuperable. In my opinion, before the Victorian Community embarks on any other enterprise, it has got to finish the job at Berwick. A number of blocks are still available under the Closer Settlement Act in the immediate vicinity of those already occupied by Jewish settlers. These must be procured, and settled. With a dozen or so families, life will be ever so much more endurable for the individual, and ever so much more Jewish.

And let us not forget that the latter must be, for us, a very important consideration. With a dozen families settled close together, maybe 30 souls in all a real Jewish communal life is possible. They can have their own Shochet, a teacher for the children, and doubtless a little Synagogue. With these things they will probably remain within the fold.  Without them there can only be assimilation or abandoning the settlement. Those who have interested themselves in the endeavour, I know, want neither one nor the other. Then there must be more settlers placed, and at once (15). 

In common with all small family farms, everyone helps - Jewish Settlers at Hallam Valley.

Image: Australian Jewish Herald, December 1, 1927   http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page29291471

There were various reports in the newspapers of the community and cultural life of the Jewish settlers which developed at Berwick. This report is from March 1928 and is about the first Beriss-Milah (16)  which took place at the community. Beriss-Milah is the  circumcision ceremony for Jewish baby boys. 

 A large and representative gathering journeyed to Berwick, where the new Jewish Settlements are situated, to attend the Beriss-Milah of the infant son of Mr. and Mrs. David Brown, which took place at their residence on their new farm, on Sunday, February 26, 1928. Mr. Yoffa, Shochet and Mohel, performed the ceremony in his usual most efficient and capable manner. Dr. Jones was Sandik, and Mr. Mrs. and Miss Ellinson, and Dr. Schalit, acted as Godparents. After the ceremony, the guests adjourned to a sumptuous repast, set outside the house, amidst the glorious surroundings of chains of hills, green with tall gums, wattles, and eucalyptus. Dr. Jones, President of the Melbourne Hebrew Congregation, acted as Chairman, and the usual toasts were honored. The speakers emphasised the importance the first Beriss-Milah held on the new settlement, and also, they hoped that the present Jewish settlers will co-operate with each other and with other settlers who will eventually arrive, stressing the fact that congenial association with each other was necessary for the settlement at Berwick to become a huge and lasting success (17). 

The  procession for the presentation of the Sefer Torah to the Jewish Settlers at Berwick

Image: Australian Jewish Herald September 20, 1928 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article262378947 

The important presentation ceremony of the Sefer Torah (spelt Sifer Torah in the article, below) was a joyous and historic event in the small Berwick community;  it took place in September 1928. This is from the Australian Jewish Herald report - 

Presentation of a Sifer Torah - Impressive Ceremony at Berwick Jewish Settlement.
Rabbi Brodie described it as “historic,” when in the midst of a comparatively large gathering at Berwick on Wednesday last, he formally accepted, on behalf of the settlers, a Sifer Torah, lent the settlers by Mr. Louis Morris.....The Sifer Torah was handed over to Rabbi Brodie by Mr. Morris at the entrance to the settlement, and the settlers, with the visitors, then formed in procession behind the Rabbi, as the Torah was conveyed to the residence of Mr. Hyatt, Senior. There, thanks to the generosity of Mr. Morris, an Ark had been erected, in which the Sifer was to be housed. As Rabbi Brodie entered the dwelling, Mr. A. Kozminsky opened the Ark, and the Sifer was placed in it, whilst “Uv’nucho Yomar” was said. Mincha service was then conducted. 

Rabbi Brodie then addressed the gathering. He stressed the significance of the function in which they were all participating. In his opinion, the occasion was historic, and, in the years to come, would mark a further milestone in the progress of the community. He hoped that the settlers would come together regularly, and, as time went on, build a small Synagogue for themselves. He expressed the privilege that was his in having been asked to conduct the ceremony, and he hoped that they would all have a happy New Year. Messrs. L. Morris, L. Kanevsky, I. J. Super, A. Kozminsky, and Dr. M. A. Schalit also spoke. The speakers all expressed the hope that, as the Berwick settlement increased in size, the settlers would work together for the common good, and, as the Jewish people throughout the ages had always made the Torah their rallying point, so would the small beginning that had been made that afternoon develop into a powerful influence for good in the life of the Jewish community of Berwick (18).

Rabbi Brodie accepts the Sefer Torah

Image: Australian Jewish Herald September 20, 1928 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article262378947 

Rabbi Brodie addresses the gathering at the Sefer Torah presentation.

Image: Australian Jewish Herald September 20, 1928 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article262378947 

My friend, Isaac, explained to me that a Sefer Torah is the Old Testament, hand inscribed with special ink on a special parchment scroll. It has a specially embroidered velvet cover. There are usually a number of scrolls, the Sefer Torah (The Law) is the scroll containing the 5 Books of Moses. Other scrolls would contain the Prophets and Writings. They are kept in a special ark in a place of worship, in this case, one of the settler's homes. This is where the congregation/ community would come to pray and hold religious services. The presentation of a Sefer Torah is a very important occasion! A Shofar is a ram's horn blown during our High Holy Days at religious services.

A Hebrew School for the children was conducted on Sundays at the Hallam Valley settlement - The Jewish Weekly News had this report - Rabbi Brodie went out to the Berwick Settlement on Sunday to examine the children attending the Hebrew classes. The United Jewish Education Board sends a teacher out there every Sunday. There are about twelve children in the classes but what they lack in numbers they make up for in keenness. I don’t think I have ever come across a keener lot of kiddies (19). 

The Education Department established the  Hallam Valley State School, No. 4407 for the settlers of the Estate. I looked at the Hallam Valley State School file at the Public Records Office of Victoria and came across this list of potential students for the School which opened November 10, 1929. The list (see below) was drawn up a Mr R. Taylor in March 1928. Of the Jewish Land Settlement families, the Eizenberg family had one child aged below 4½, one child aged 4½ to six years old and one child aged between six and fourteen. The Mishaloff family had one child aged between 4½ to six. The Rovkin family had one child aged below 4½, and one child aged between 4½ to six years old.

List of potential students for a proposed school at Hallam Valley

Public Records Office of Victoria Hallam Valley Building file, 1928 - 1954.

Series number: VPRS 795 Consignment number:P0000 Unit number: 3049

The other interesting thing I found in the Hallam Valley School file was this memo dated February 23, 1929 - it reads
Hallam Valley Estate
New School to be erected
Management of Settlement called and asked if possible - Nathan Rothfield - who is now in the Teachers' College be appointed to the school when ready. The settlement is composed of mostly foreigners who desire to learn English and Civics. Nathan Rothfield knows several languages and would be of great assistance to the settlers if an evening school could be established.

Memo regarding the appointment of Nathan Rothfield

Public Records Office of Victoria Hallam Valley Building file, 1928 - 1954.

Series number: VPRS 795 Consignment number:P0000 Unit number: 3049

Nathan was not appointed, the first teacher was Dorothy Miers, then Phillip Jenkin (20) but it would be interesting to know if he had been appointed and with that extra support whether the Jewish Land  Settlement at Hallam Valley would have been more successful. The Teacher Records (21) are available on-line at the Public Records Office of Victoria, so we know something of Nathan and his teaching career - he was born in England on January 29, 1910 and was appointed a Junior Teacher in January 1928. He spent 1929 at Teachers College, then he was appointed Head Teacher at Moyarra State School, No. 3556 in March 1930. Moyarra is near Kongwak, between Korumburra and Inverloch.  His reports were very positive - is very earnest, gives attention to detail, used good methods and secures response, with experience he should do well....is conscientious and hard working...sympathetic...earnest and thoughtful .....reliable, hardworking....mature ability and good teaching power.  However, in August 1932 he was reprimanded for unauthorized absence and neglect of duty; he was granted periods of leave and resigned from the Education Department in October 1934 (22). It is hard to know the reason for Nathan's long period of leave and resignation, but he wouldn't have been the first teacher to find teaching in a small rural school to be difficult and isolating. 

The positive reports of the success of the Berwick settlement continued into 1929. In fact, so successful was the Settlement that a meeting was held at the Maccabean Hall in Sydney in January 1929 to discuss the formation of a Land Settlement Trust along the lines  of the Victorian Trust.  This meeting was reported in the Hebrew Standard of Australasia and Berwick was mentioned in positive terms. A telegram was sent from Dr Albert Jones, chairman of the Victorian Land Settlement Trust - Berwick Settlement today unqualified success. After fourteen weeks settled farmers earning ten to fifteen pounds  weekly. (23).

A report of the telegram sent by Dr Albert Jones,  chairman of the Victorian Land Settlement Trust.

Hebrew Standard of Australasia January 25, 1929  http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article120468445

Also at the Sydney meeting a letter was read that had been sent to Mr Orwell Phillips from his nephew, Mr Archie Michaelis of Melbourne, describing the Berwick settlement -

However, on Sunday last, in company with several others interested, I went out to Berwick (near Dandenong) where the Settlement is and had a good look around, and I must say I was delighted beyond all measure with what is being done. So far about 14 families have been settled on blocks and as far as I can see and learn from the men themselves they seem extraordinarily well satisfied and are already commencing to make a living. The procedure, I understand, is that the Government provides the land and house and give about 28 years (I speak from memory), to repay the capital by half yearly instalments. The Land Settlement Trust lend the money for such items as furniture, poultry, seeds and certain livestock and the settlers are enabled to start making a living at once by the sale of eggs, vegetables etc., preparing the land in the meantime. I saw a lot of the settlers and the progress they have made is remarkable (24).

This is an excerpt of a letter received by Mr Orwell Phillips from his nephew, Mr Archie Michaelis of Melbourne, describing the Berwick settlement.

Hebrew Standard of Australasia January 25, 1929 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article120468445

In June 1931, it was reported that there were 24 families, numbering about 100 souls at Berwick (25). However, the  Shire of Berwick Rate Books show that most of the Jewish settlers had left the area by 1934/1935. For some settlers if may have been the absence of Jewish communal life, however the Depression had a significant impact on the settlers, coupled with a bad season in late 1929, early 1930 - The season through which we have passed has been a particularly bad one. Potatoes which at sowing time could not be bought for £24 per ton, can be obtained to-day at £3 per ton (26). So, clearly commodity prices were one issue, however the situation at Berwick was considered to be no worse that other settlements - In the opinion of the officers of the Victorian State Rivers and Water Commission, the authority controlling the Berwick settlement, the situation at Berwick is no more serious than that facing every agricultural settlement throughout Australia. The complete collapse in the prices of primary products and the problem of financing the farmers through the present depression have created a most difficult position (27). 

Some people actually blamed the failure of some of the Hallam Valley settlers on incompetence of the State Rivers and Water Supply Commission.  Cr MacGregor at a Shire of Berwick meeting held in October 1929 was reported as saying that he believed that the land was sold to the settlers at an inflated price and 'the manner in which they were treated constituted a scandal of the 'gravest nature' - Almost ruined by the inflated prices they paid to the State Rivers and Water Supply Commission for the blocks, residents in the Hallam Valley settlement are faced with acute distress, stated Cr MacGregor at the meeting of the Berwick Shire Council, last Friday, when a protest was received from settlers against the revaluation of their properties. Cr MacGregor claimed that the manner in which they were treated constituted a scandal of the gravest nature, and fully warranted a public enquiry. Settlers paid £70 an acre for their land and now found that it was impossible to make even a living on their holdings. Incompetence in the Commission's administration, Cr MacGregor contended, was one of the reasons for the hopelessness of the settlers. When the land was being prepared for settlement there was a glaring waste of money in the methods employed to do the work. Where two practical men could have done all that was necessary in weeks, it, took eight of the Commission’s staff months (28).

Cr MacGregor says the treatment of Hallam Valley settlers was of the gravest nature.

Dandenong Journal October 29, 1929 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article201029124

Before we leave the Berwick Settlement, there was an interesting report in the Australian Jewish Herald in November 1928 about Ahron Halevy, a talented artist. He was born in Ukraine and then moved to Palestine where he trained as an artist. He later spent time working on farms and as a fisherman on the Jordan River.  Immediately after the war he commenced working for the Scientific Department of the Museum at Jerusalem, which was founded by the Zionist Organisation and which has since been absorbed by the Hebrew University. His work was to depict the flora and fauna of Palestine, and his entire collection now hangs up on the University walls (29). Around 1928 he came to Australia where he was elected as  member of the Victorian Artists Society, but also joined the settlement at Berwick. He not only continued with producing his paintings, wood-cuts, water-colors, and pen and ink sketches at Berwick but also grew strawberries -  Mr. Halevy, who was a strawberry expert in Palestine, is specialising in the same fruit, at Berwick, and, though he has only been a short time on his plot, and has not been graced by too favorable a season, has nevertheless succeeded in making conserves which have astounded all the Governmental experts, who, attracted by glowing reports, asked him to come to Melbourne with some samples (30).  Mr Halevy did not stay at Berwick very long, in fact I can't find him listed in the Rate Books at all, and returned to Melbourne. Mr Halevy held an exhibition at David Jones Department store in Sydney in October 1929 and the catalogue is on-line at the National Library of Australia, view it here.

From the catalogue of Ahron Halevy's October 1929 exhibition

National Library of Australia http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-448325657 

As we said before most of the Jewish settlers had left the area by 1935 but Adolph Sneid, was at Berwick for the longest period, until 1939/1940 and so with the departure of Mr Sneid the Jewish Land Settlement Trust community at Berwick came to an end.

Acknowledgement

Thank you very much to Mrs Freda Pamamull for providing the photo of the Hayat family. Thank you also to my research colleague, Isaac Hermann, for his input and explaining aspects of Jewish culture to me. It was Isaac who was in touch with Mrs Pamamull, thanks Isaac!

Trove List
I have created a list of newspaper articles about the Jewish Land Settlement Trust at Hallam Valley on Trove, click here to access the list. 

Footnotes
(1) Turnbull, Jeffrey John From Ghettoes to Gardens published in Fabrications: The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Australia and New Zealand, June 1995, pp 39-56.
(2) The Age, November 8, 1924, see here.
(3) The Age, November 8, 1924, see here.
(4) The Weekly Times, January 30, 1926, see here.
(5) The Argus, August 18, 1927, see here.
(6) Turnbull, op. cit, p. 51.

(7) Ibid.

(8) This list is based solely on the names - what looked to me like non-Anglo, Eastern European names of rate payers from the Hallam Valley estate.

(9) Australian Jewish Herald, May 3 1928, see here.

(10) Hebrew Standard of Australasia August 24, 1928, see here.

(11) Hebrew Standard of Australasia August 31, 1928, see here.

(12) Mrs Hallenstein - read her obituary in the Australian Jewish News, March 4, 1949, here. 

(13) Australian Jewish Herald, May 3, 1928, see here.

(14) Yenner Velt - Yiddish - what kind of a world is this?  - comment was made in light of their initial depravations.

(15) Australian Jewish Herald, December 1, 1927, see here and here.

(16) Beriss-Milah - this is how it was written in the Australian Jewish Herald of March 1, 1928, see here. It is apparently also written as Brit Milah or Bris Milah - read more here - https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/the-brit-milah-bris-ceremony/

(17) Australian Jewish Herald, March 1, 1928, see here.

(18) Australian Jewish Herald September 20, 1928, see here. You can read another report of the event in the Hebrew Standard of Australasia, September 21, 1928, here.

(19) Jewish Weekly News, December 15, 1933, see here.

(20) Vision and Realisation : a centenary history of State Education in Victoria, edited by L.J. Blake. Published by the Education Department of Victoria, 1973.

(21) Public Records Office of Victoria Teacher Record Books VPRS 13579/P0001

(22) Public Records Office of Victoria https://prov.vic.gov.au/archive/3D9EEB24-F7E4-11E9-AE98-B12C46C6E04A?image=411

(23) Hebrew Standard of Australasia, January 25, 1929, see here.

(24) Hebrew Standard of Australasia, January 25, 1929, see here.  Archie Michaelis went on to become  a member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, see his Australian Dictionary of Biography entry, here. Archie was the son of Frederick and Essie (nee Phillips) Michaelis and is also the nephew of Lucie Hallenstein.
(25) Australian Jewish Herald June 11, 1931, see here.
(26) Australian Jewish Herald, February 20, 1930, see here.
(27) Australian Jewish Herald, April 30, 1931, see here.
(28) Dandenong Journal October 29, 1929, see here.  

(29) The Westralian Judean, June 1, 1930, see here.

(30) Australian Jewish Herald, November 15, 1928, see here.