The Gabbett Family with connections to Pakenham and Garfield and further afield

In this post we are looking at the Gabbett family, whose three sons  served in the First World War and had an association with Garfield and Pakenham. John and Marion Gabbett were married in Buln Buln  on December 25, 1879 and the marriage notice in The Argus of December 29, 1879 states that he was the second son of the late Major R.P Gabbett, Royal Artillery, and she was the only child of Edward Lintott, Esq. (1)

Marriage notice of John and Marian

The Argus, December 29 1879 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5968526

Marion's parents were pioneers of the Brandy Creek (Warragul) area and this is part of her father's 1891 obituary -

Captain Lintott was formerly in the East Indian Service, but relinquishing seafaring life some 42 years ago he settled in the Twofold Bay district of New South Wales, where he owned the Double Creek Station which adjoined that of Brogo, belonging to Mr. S. W. Pollock, now of Warragul. Some years later he left this locality and settled in Riverina, on the Edwards River, joining partnership with his brother Stephen on a sheep station.

After this, we understand, he lived at Schnapper Point [Mornington], and subsequently moved to Brandy Creek, where he has for many years been regarded as the father of the district. He was an old identity, in fact the name of Brandy Creek could not be disassociated from that of Captain Lintott. (2)

Marion's mother came from equally illustrious stock. This is her short obituary from 1897 -

The remains of Mrs. Lintott, relict of the late Captain Lintott, were interred in the Drouin West Cemetery on Tuesday last, Mrs. Lintott passed away at Hastings on Sunday last, at the advanced age of 85 years. She was the daughter of Colonel Skinner, of the British forces, who was at one time stationed in Canada, where Mrs. Lintott was born. Capt. and Mrs. Lintott came to the Australian colonies 50 years ago, and consequently watched their development from the earliest settlement. They were amongst the earliest settlers in Brandy Creek, where Mrs. Lintott resided up to the death of Capt. Lintott, a few years ago. Mrs. Gabbett is the only daughter. (3) 

John and Marion had five children - Edward Norcliffe Robert (b. 1880, in Drouin), Ernest Poole Remington (1882, Drouin), Aimee Auriol Yule (1885, Drouin, also called Denise), Eda Marion Lintott (1892, Hastings) and Norcliffe Esca Fitzgerald (1896, Hastings) (4)

What else do we know about John Norcliffe Gabbett? He was a Captain of D-Company in the Victorian Mounted Rifles, in 1889 he was appointed Deputy Registrar of Births and Deaths in Drouin. (5)  

In September 1904, Captain Gabbett, went missing -

Captain Gabbett Missing -
A well-known resident of the Toora district named Gabbett, while staying at Port Welshpool after a
trip to the islands in the strait in the fishing cutter Rosalie, suddenly disappeared on the night of Monday, 12th inst. He was last seen walking down the pier after stating his intention of boarding the Rosalie. This vessel, it appears, had been shifted to another berth, and it is thought that in the dark he fell over in his efforts to get on board, and possibly struck the wood work of the jetty. Efforts have been made with grappling hooks and sweeping at low water with a deep sea seine but have proved futile in discovering any traces of the missing man. (6)

I couldn't find an Inquest record or a death registration for Captain Gabbett so it's all a  bit of  a mystery. Marion lived in Drouin after her husband's death, until 1913 when the Electoral Rolls list her address as Garfield, she was then in Pakenham and later in Drouin.  In  1926 she married Henry St Leger Skinner a farmer from Drouin West and died at the age of 90 on December 24, 1943 and is buried at the Drouin West  Cemetery. (7)

We will look at the three sons who enlisted.

Gabbett, Edward Norcliffe Robert (SN 845) Edward, born in 1880, married Lilian Beatrice Lucas in 1910 and they had two children Jack Norcliffe in 1912 and Beatrice Edith Poole in 1915, both children born in Sale. (8) Edward enlisted on  July 8, 1915, in the 13th Light Horse, and his next of kin was his wife, Lilian, of Stratford. His occupation was Agent. Edward was wounded in action - gun shot wound to left leg - and had to have the leg amputated. He was sent back to England for recuperation and Returned to Australia November 25, 1917 and was medically discharged. (9) After the War they lived in Sale and then Yarram and his occupation was an Auctioneer with Mathieson, Davis, Macarthur Pty. Ltd. In spite of his severe wound, Edward lived until he was 91 and he died on March 17, 1972 and was buried at the Yarram cemetery. Lilian had passed away December 4, 1968. (10)

Before we leave Edward, I came across this interesting 1946 report about his connection to a tragic incident -

Football Team Drowned. Terrible Mornington Tragedy recalled -

This week, in a phone call from Yarram, where he is a well known citizen and auctioneer, Mr. E. N.

"Goldie" Gabbett, formerly of Mornington, recalled the terrible football tragedy of 1892, when 15 members of the Mornington team were drowned while returning in a sailing boat from Mordialloc, after the match. The boat was caught in a storm.

Mr. Gabbett, then a boy of 15, went to the match by train. He was a champion goal sneak later, with the Yarram team, and lost a leg in the first world war. Mr. Gabbett also reveals the luck of an aboriginal member of the team, who sailed down by boat, but changed places with another player for the return journey, and came by train. The transfer player was drowned. (11)

Edward Goldie remembers the Mornington tragedy.

Frankston Standard, September 12, 1946 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article75059343

Gabbett, Ernest Poole Remington (SN 2846) Ernest, born in 1882 in Drouin. He served in the Boer War in the 6th Australian Commonwealth Horse. In 1913 he  married Eveline Victoria MacKay and in the same year he opened a store in Garfield, the first advertisement for which  I could find was in  March 1913. (12)

Gabbett's General Store, Garfield

Bunyip & Garfield Express, March 25, 1913, p.5

On April 23, 1914 Ernest Gabbett's store and the adjoining Iona Hotel, in Main Street, Garfield were destroyed by fire. The Bunyip and Garfield Express of April 28, 1914  had this report  - 

A disastrous fire occurred on Thursday morning between three and four o'clock at Garfield, which resulted in the total destruction of the Iona hotel and Mr E. Gabbett's grocery store. Between the hours mentioned some employes at Bird's bakery, which is further along the street, observed a fire in the direction of the hotel, Investigation satisfied them that the building was burning and the alarm was raised.

There were between 20 and 30 inmates of the hotel at the time amongst whom were a number of ladies, but fortunately all escaped from the burning building. The fire appeared to some observers to start outside the eastern wall of the building while others declare it came from the kitchen. However, it had a good hold when first noticed and no time was lost by the lodgers and the family and friends of Mr Cryan, licensee, in leaving the doomed structure.

The fire spread with great rapidity, and was favored by a north westerly breeze. A salvage party however, made good use of the little time at their disposal and succeeded in saving a piano and a few other articles of furniture, but there was no time to rescue the heavy furnishings from the building and over £500 worth was destroyed. Miss Cryan, daughter of the licensee lost £14 in gold and notes which she left in the building.

From the hotel the flames spread to Mr Gabbett's store, which adjoins it and soon the two structures were a seething mass of flame. The grocery stock was completely destroyed and the dwelling portion of the building, which is at the rear of the shop. The household furniture was destroyed. The insurances on the Iona hotel are as follows :-Mr T. Donohue, owner, £1500 on the building, furniture £500, Mr C.J. Cryan licensee, £600 on the stock. The amount of Mr Gabbett's insurance is not available, but it is understood that his stock was only lightly insured. All concerned are heavy losers. The business of the hotel is being carried on in a building next to the old premises, whilst Mr Gabbett has opened his store in Mr Bird's premises, pending building operations. (13)

Ernest enlisted on August 24, 1914 in the 2nd Field Artillery Brigade.  He was wounded in action - shot in the arm - and after a time spent recuperating in England he Returned to Australia October 7, 1918. (14).  Ernest together with some of his colleagues,  were welcomed home at a function on December 10, 1918 - they received a nice box of chocolates and a gold medal. (15)

Ernest is welcomed home

Dandenong Advertiser, December 12, 1918 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article88817321

I am not sure if Ernest Gabbett actually re-opened his Garfield store before he enlisted and his address on enlistment was Errol Avenue in Brunswick; however around May 1917, Eveline opened a Drapery shop in Pakenham. (16)

Eveline Gabbett's first advertisment 

Pakenham Gazette, May 25, 1917 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92153107

Ernest and Eveline remained in  Pakenham and their occupations in the Electoral rolls were a tailor and a draper, respectively.  They had a stillborn baby in October 1913 and then two sons - Colin Esca Poole born in 1921 and Ivan Norcliffe in 1922. (17)  Both the boys served in the Army during World War Two; Colin remained in the Army, reaching the rank of acting Lieutenant - Colonel, retiring in 1971. Ivan became a house painter and also had a band which played at local functions. They are both commemorated on the Pakenham War Memorial. (18)

Ivan Gabbett's Band

Bunyip & Garfield Express, July 2 1948 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article282210473

Ernest died in November 14, 1962 and Eveline on November 27, 1953. They were both cremated at Springvale Cemetery. (19) The Pakenham Gazette of November 16, 1962 published the following obituary -

Late Mr. Ernest Gabbett was Veteran of Three Wars
With deep regret we record the death of Mr. Ernest Poole Gabbett, which occurred at the Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital last Wednesday morning. He was 80 years of age.

Mr. Gabbett was a veteran of three wars. As a young man he served as a bugler with the Australian Contingent in the Boer War. He was one of the first to enlist from this district in the First World War. In the Second War War he served with a garrison battalion.

Prior to the First World War he was at Garfield, and on his return from overseas he conducted, with his wife, a drapery business in Pakenham – first in Station Street in premises now occupied by Mrs. Sayers, and later in what is now Wintel’s Café , in Main Street.

He resided in Pakenham until a few years ago and took an active part in all local movements. He was very interested in all the sporting clubs and in his youth was a keen participant in several branches of sports.

Probably the most talented amateur actor this district has known, his services were keenly in demand for various entertainments. He was a prominent member of the Pakenham Dramatic Club and in the early days of the Pakenham Fire Brigade organized a minstrel troop which over period of years raised a considerable sum to help equip the brigade at a time when money was a very scarce commodity.

“Gabby” as he was affectionately known to a wide circle of friends, was a generous favorite, and will be sadly missed. His wife pre-deceased him several years ago, but he is survived by two sons, Colin and Ivan, who have the heartfelt sympathy of all in their loss. (20)

Gabbett, Norcliffe Esca Fitzgerald  (SN 1167) Esca, as he was known, was only 18 when he enlisted on March 15, 1915 in the 23rd Battalion. His next of kin was his mother, Marion, of Pakenham. Sadly, only 8 months after he enlisted Esca Died of Wounds on the Gallipoli Peninsula on November 5, 1915. (21)

Drouin State School Roll of Honor

Gippsland Independent June 18, 1915 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article136653646

Flag at half-mast at the Drouin State School

West Gippsland Gazette, December 7, 1915 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article68620435

There were also two daughters in the family - Aimee Auriol Yule and  Eda Marion Lintott.

Gabbett, Aimee Auriol Yule. Aimee was born in 1885 in Drouin. She married Henry Mitchell Scales in 1907 and had five children - Maurice, Betty, Dora, Brian and Patricia. The marriage didn't last and around 1928 she married Leonard Short. (22) That same year in the January, there had been a court case where Aimee took Henry to Court, claiming he had left their daughter, Dora without adequate means of support.  Amongst the evidence presented was the claim that her husband had found an unposted letter she had written to Leonard Short, of Cowes, and part of the letter read - I want you. I would like to kiss you until I had no breath left. (23)  I am not sure if they divorced and she did actually marry Leonard, however on her 1972 death certificate it stated that she had been married to him when she was 43, which is about 1928.  At some time, Aimee changed her name to Denise; and when she died on July 8, 1972, she was living at Bartlett Avenue, Croydon. Henry Scales died in 1951, I have no other information about Leonard Short. (24)

Gabbett, Eda Marion Lintott  Eda was born in 1892 in Hastings. She married William Frederick Furhmann in 1912 and they lived in Drouin, where William was a carpenter. They had a number of children, but I cannot confirm the exact number. William died March 1, 1954 and  Eda died October 28, 1976. They are buried at the Drouin Cemetery. (25)

Footnotes
(1) The Argus, December 29 1879, see here. 
(2) Warragul Guardian, May 12, 1891, see here.
(3) Warragul Guardian, September 17, 1897, see here.
(4) Indexes to the Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages
(5) Warragul Guardian, October 23, 1891, see here; Warragul Guardian, August 20, 1889, see here.
(6) Western Port Times, September 30, 1904, see here.
(7) Electoral  Rolls on Ancestry.com;  Indexes to the Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages; Death notice -  The Argus, December 28, 1943, see here, Find a Grave  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/210822811/marion-auriol-skinner
(8) Indexes to the Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages
(9) Edward  - Service record from National Archives of Australia

https://recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRetrieve/Interface/ViewImage.aspx?B=4001699
(10) Electoral rolls;  The Argus, November 11, 1939, see here; Death notice - The Age, March 18, 1972. p.98 on Newspapers.com; Lilian death date from Probate Record at the Public Records Office of Victoria (PROV)

(11) Frankston Standard, September 12, 1946, see here.
(12) Indexes to the Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages; Boer War service listed on his WWI Attestation file, see footnote 14; Bunyip & Garfield Express, March 25, 1913, p.5

(13) Bunyip and Garfield Express, April 28, 1914, p. 2.
(14) Ernest  - Service record from National Archives of Australia

https://recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRetrieve/Interface/ViewImage.aspx?B=4001700
(15) Dandenong Advertiser, December 12, 1918, see here.  
(16) Pakenham Gazette, May 25, 1917, see here.  
(17) The Argus, October 25, 1913, see here; Indexes to the Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages
(18) Ferry, Patrick Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat: remembering the Pakenham District's WW2 Service Personnel, 1939-1945 (Berwick Pakenham Historical Society, 2020.)
(19) Pakenham Gazette, November 16, 1962, p.1; The Argus, November 30, 1953, see here.

(20) Pakenham Gazette, November 16, 1962, p.1

(21) Esca - Service record from National Archives of Australia  https://recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRetrieve/Interface/ViewImage.aspx?B=4001701
(22) Indexes to the Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages; Denise Short's Death certificate - lists children and notes she married Leonard Short when she was 43, hence c. 1928.

(23) The Argus, August 30, 1928, see here.
(24) Denise Short's Death certificate; Henry death date from Probate Record at PROV.
(25) Indexes to the Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages; Electoral Rolls on Ancestry.com; 
 Find a Grave 

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/171698680/eda-marion_lintott-fuhrmann

This is a revised and expanded version of a post, which I wrote and researched, that appears on my work blog, Casey Cardinia Commemorates: Our War Years.

Beaconsfield World War One Memorial

The Beaconsfield War Memorial was officially unveiled on Saturday, March, 13 1920 by General Brand. The Pakenham Gazette reported on the event. 

Beaconsfield Soldiers’ Memorial.

Unveiled on Saturday last.

The unveiling of a Memorial to fallen soldiers took place at Beaconsfield on Saturday afternoon last, and attracted a fairly large attendance, including about twenty of the district soldiers, who were in uniform.

The Memorial, which is of polished granite, and is neatly designed, had been placed in a good position at the junction of Wood Street and the Main Gippsland road. It bears the names of nine fallen soldiers and above these is a representation of the A.I.F. badge in bronze. The names given are:
Sgt. G.H. Manning.
Cpl. A.R. Bragg.
Dvr. H.J Harbour.
Bombdr. A.G. Childs
Spr. H. M’Naughton
Pte. L. Christie
Pte. J. Osborne.
Pte. J.F. Tucker.
Pte. E. Dinsley.

On the base is the inscription: - “Erected as a tribute to men who enlisted from Beaconsfield and district, and in memory of those who made the supreme sacrifice in the great war, 1914-1919.”

Mr W. Nixon, president of the Memorial committee, acted as chairman. On behalf of the committee and the public, he extended a hearty welcome to General Brand. Beaconsfield, he said was proud of the fact that 33 men had enlisted from there. All regretted that 9 of these had made the supreme sacrifice. He then went on to explain how the necessary funds had been raised for the Memorial.

A short address by Colonel G.H. Knox followed. He welcomed General Brand, and said he was proud of the district which sent so many men to the front. The enlistments from Beaconsfield and Upper Beaconsfield were equal in proportion to any other district in the State. He welcomed the General not merely because of the position he held in the military forces, but because he was a favorite with the rank and file. The Memorial had been raised by loving and affectionate friends to the memory of those who had fallen and to those who had fought and returned. No memorial was requited at present to remind us of the brave deeds of our soldiers, bit it would serve to perpetuate the memory of these men for future generations. Many of the fallen soldiers were unostentatious in their private life, but proved themselves gallant gentlemen. They were an honor to their parents.

Cr W.G. a’Beckett, shire president, said he was honored to represent the district and was pleased to take part in the unveiling of the Memorial. He extended hearty congratulations to the soldiers who had returned. The Australian soldiers were the finest military men of the time on account of their gallant dash and brainy initiative. The Memorial was an ornament to the town and district, and as such they were proud of it, but the real memorial to the gallant soldiers was in our hearts.

Mr Frank Groves, M.L.A., said the soldiers had done their job and it was well done, and the responsibility rested now upon the shoulders of the people to see that the sons and daughters and relatives of the brave men who had fallen were properly cared for. They should see that the boys and girls were educated to the standard of other children who had their parents. They should see that their promises to the boys were fulfilled. The memory of the brave men should never die.

Cr. Geo. W. Martin felt honored to have to say a few words. He felt the ground on which they were standing was holy ground. The men had fought and some had given their lives to uphold those principles and institutions so dear to the heart of every Britisher. They had preserved to us our hearths and homes. They did not seek glory or gain, but liberty and freedom. The children, he said, should be brought round the Memorial annually and told of the deeds of our brave boys. He hoped later to see the Memorial surrounded by green turf, bordered with forget-me-knots.

Brigadier-General Brand, who unveiled the Memorial, said on an average he attended a similar function twice a week. Memorials took various forms, but the soldiers say the greatest memorial is to see that the widows and relatives shall never want. That was the best memorial. He was not one who said the A.I.F. won the war. He had been fighting with various troops, and what he did say was that the men of the A.I.F. had few equals and no superiors. In civil life the Australian was accustomed to rely on his own initiative, and his ready wit and good humor gave him a great advantage, but they always felt that the people were behind them and that helped them wonderfully. To the relatives of the fallen he offered sympathy. He asked all to remember that these brave men had passed out so that we might enjoy liberty.”Greater love hath no man than this.” The General then unveiled the Memorial, and expressed a hope that that deeds of these men would inspire the rising generations.

The Last Post was then sounded by Bugler Peters. Two handsome wreathes were placed at the base of the Memorial by friends. At the close, afternoon tea was provided.

(Pakenham Gazette, Friday, March 19, 1920, p.3)

Beaconsfield War Memorial

Photograph courtesy of the Casey Cardinia Remembers website

www.caseycardiniaremembers.org.au

The Memorial, as noted, has the names of the nine men who did not return, and they are listed below with their Service Numbers (SN) so you can look up their full record on the National Archives of Australia website, www.naa.gov.au.

Bragg, Arthur Robert (SN 2564) Arthur, born in West Maitland, NSW, was 39 when he enlisted on August 2, 1915. His occupation was a hotel keeper, and his next of kin was his wife, Emily, of the Central Hotel in Beaconsfield. Corporal Bragg was reported missing in France on July 28, 1916 and  a later Court of Enquiry determined that he had been Killed in Action on July 19, 1916. 

Emily Bragg takes over the licence of the Central Hotel.

South Bourke & Mornington Journal, August 19, 1915 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article66188272

Arthur Bragg

Australian War Memorial  https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1670847

Childs, Albert George  (SN 2599)  Albert enlisted on July 7, 1915. He was born in England and was a 29 year old dairyman. His father Robert, his next of kin, was from Bridport in Dorset where Albert was born.  His address on the Nominal Roll is Primrose Park, Beaconsfield, however he is listed as living at Nar Nar Goon in the 1914 Electoral Roll.  Albert Died of Wounds on August 5, 1917 in France. Albert is also honoured on the Nar Nar Goon Honour Roll which is at the Nar Nar Goon Public Hall, see here.

Christie, John Leslie  (SN 3054) He was listed as L. Christie on the Memorial, so it seems like he was known as Leslie, so that's what we will call him.  Leslie was born in Lang Lang, the son of William and Ada (nee Thatcher) Christie, and was 25 years old when he enlisted on July 22, 1915. His occupation was a labourer and his next of kin was his father, William of Beaconsfield.  Leslie was listed as missing on July 28, 1916 and a Court of Enquiry determined that he was Killed in Action on July 19, 1916, in France. 

In memoriam notice for Les Christie. Steven Sleigh, listed in the notice is honoured on the Bunyip War Memorial (see here) and the Tonimbuk Honor Board (see here)

The Argus, July 19, 1918  http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1408837 

Dineley, Edward Bernard (SN 1151)  Edward was born in Charters Towers, to Frederick and Mary Dineley,  and was a 22 year old engineer when he enlisted on March 22, 1916. His next of kin was his mother, Mary, of the Cardinia Park Hotel at Beaconsfield.  Edward was Wounded in Action in Belgium and he died from these wounds on September 21, 1917.

Report of the death of Edward

Pakenham Gazette, October 12, 1917 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92155988

Harbour, Herbert Joel  (SN 3337) Herbert enlisted on July 19, 1915.  He was 27 years old, a labourer, and was born in Beaconsfield to John and Sarah (nee Beecham) Harbour. His next of kin was his father, John, of Beaconsfield. Herbert was Killed in Action, in France, on February 27, 1917.

Herbert Harbour

Australian War Memorial https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1633208

Report of the death of Herbert Harbour

Dandenong Advertiser, March 22, 1917 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article88657329

Manning, George William Harold (SN 219)  George enlisted on August 17, 1914. He was 20 year old salesman, born in Beechworth, to John Goodyear Manning and his wife, Mary Ann (nee Furnell).  His next of kin was his father, John, of Beaconsfield.  George died of wounds, which were received whilst fighting at Gallipoli, on August 8, 1915. 

Report of the death of George Manning

Berwick Shire News, December 15, 1915 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92094080

McNaughton, Hugh (SN 3869b)  Hugh enlisted on August 2, 1915. He was 31, born in Longford (Vic.) to Archibald and Mary (nee McDonald) McNaughton. His next of kin, on enlistment, was his mother, Mary, of Beaconsfield. Hugh was Wounded in Action on October 16, 1917, suffering gun shot wounds to the head and arm. He was sent back to Australia on the hospital ship, the Euripides, which reached Melbourne on March 21, 1918.  He was discharged from the AIF on May 1, 1918 and died at the Caulfield Hospital on May 15, 1918.

Sad end of Hugh McNaughton

Dandenong Advertiser, May 30, 1918 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article88816707

Osborne, James Patrick (SN 2733)  James was born in Walhalla to Patrick and Bridget (nee Traynor) Osborne. He enlisted on August 2, 1915 aged 36. He was a labourer, and  next of kin was his mother, Bridget, of 'Lower Beaconsfield', I assume some people still called the town around the Railway Station that to distinguish it from Upper Beaconsfield. James was Killed in Action in France on August 19, 1916.

Death notice of James Osborne

The Argus, September 23, 1916  http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1614050

Tucker, John Frederick  (SN 2795)  John was an orphan and he enlisted at the age of 22 on August 2, 1915. His occupation was a driver and his next of kin was listed as his employee, Mr A. W Shorthouse of Upper Beaconsfield.  There is an Arthur William Shorthouse in the  Electoral Rolls, so I believe this is him.  John was Killed in Action in Belgium on September 3, 1916. There is a letter on his service file at the National Archives, from Mr Shorthouse, requesting John's medals. Mr Shorthouse said that John had no blood relations and had lived and worked with him for eight years, prior to which he was an Orphanage boy. The AIF would not give him the medals as the Deceased Soldiers' Estate Act had  a prescribed list of whom the medals were to go to (they had to go to a blood relation) and suggested that Mr Shorthouse get a Statutory Declaration setting out his claim. This was in March 1921 and the file does not tell us whether Mr Shorthouse was successful.

Death notice of John Tucker. Mary Anne Nixon is listed in the Electoral rolls at Upper Beaconsfield, along with Margaret Ann and Henry Nixon.

The Age, October 7, 1916 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article155067909

A version of this post, which I  wrote and researched, appears on my work blog, Casey Cardinia Commemorates: Our War Years

First ANZAC Day commemorations in Schools in the Shires of Berwick, Cranbourne and Dandenong

The first ANZAC Day commemorations held in Schools in 1916 were held on Thursday, April 20. The Education Department set the programme which all schools were to follow. The Argus reported on this programme at an un-named school they attended -
The landing of the Australian and New Zealand soldiers on Gallipoli was commemorated in all the State schools of Victoria on Thursday by simple yet impressive ceremonies. The actual anniversary day is April 25, but Thursday was selected as the day of commemoration, because next week the school children will be on holiday.

The ceremonies were carried out in most schools in the afternoon. For an hour the children sang patriotic songs and listened to recitations by fellow scholars, or readings by their teachers. Each child wore either an Anzac medal or red, white, and blue ribbons, and many carried flags. Maps showing the beach on which the soldiers landed and the heights which they carried were displayed, and essays written by scholars on the great adventure were read.

After this pleasant prelude the children assembled in the playground, where the most important portion of the day's programme was performed. The pupils were here joined by visitors - members of Parliament, members of school committees, admiring parents, and, in some instances, by returned soldiers. First of all Kipling's recessional hymn, "Lest We Forget," was sung, and afterwards short addresses were given by visitors, with the object of impressing upon the children the heroism and self-sacrifice of the Australian soldiers, Australia's pride in them, and, most important of all, Australia's debt to them. The roll of honour, containing the names of old boys who had answered the call to the colours, was read, and each name was greeted with shrill cheers. Then the children sang "O, God, Our Help in Ages Past," and at the schools at which returned Anzacs were present the veterans spoke a few words to the youngsters. Perhaps the most impressive feature of the ceremonial was the saluting of the flag.

Standing in the mellow autumn sunshine, the children fervently declared, "I love God and my country; I honour the flag; I will serve the King, and cheerfully obey my parents, teachers, and the laws." At the end of the declaration they gave three cheers, and sang the National Anthem, including the verse "God bless our splendid men." The ceremony occupied about half an hour, and at its conclusion the children were dismissed for their Easter holidays.  

(The Argus, April 22, 1916, see here) 

The Berwick Shire News had this information about a commemorative badge produced for the commemorations - 

The Education Department is having an Anzac Day medallion struck and this will be available at all State and registered schools on the 20th. The medallions are in bronze, and bear on the one side a representation of the head of the King, surrounded by the motto, "For King and Country," and the year 1916, that of the first annual commemoration. On the other side is a design showing a wreath encircling the words, " Lest We Forget," and the date of landing, April 25, 1915. Above the wreath is the inscription. "Department of Education, Victoria." These are to be sold to children for 6d and to adults for 1s, and the profit is to go to the departments War Relief Fund. 

(Berwick Shire News,  April 12, 1916, see here)  

The ANZAC medallion

Image: https://www.ebay.com.au/itm/406893644280

Here are some reports from schools in the Shires of Berwick, Cranbourne and Dandenong.

Berwick
The Anzac Day celebration at the Berwick school on Thursday last was a great success. There was a large attendance of both adults and children, and the proceedings throughout were very interesting. Prior to the opening of the afternoon's programme some fine gramophone records were given by Mr J. B. Pearson. The programme was opened by the children, under the direction of Miss Paul, singing Kipling's Recessional hymn -- " God of our fathers,"-to the tune of Stella.

Mr McCann then expressed his pleasure at seeing so many present and introduced Cr a'Beckett chairman of the school committee. Cr a'Beckett said he was glad to be present, and pleased to see the interest that was being taken in the celebration It was a very important occasion. They had Arbor Day, Bird Day, Empire Day, and he understood they were to have a Flower Day, but in future Anzac Day would be the greatest of them all, as it was a time when they would meet to show their appreciation of and gratitude for the noble deeds of our soldiers at Gallipoli, where many had given their lives for King and country. All should be proud of their feat of arms. We all believed that they were fighting in a good cause, and, as a writer had said, "Thrice is he armed who his his quarrel just." The British Empire had not been built up by war and the sword. Our great desire was to build up the home, to till the field, and to progress in all these arts and sciences that make for peace. Our enemies desired to rule by the sword and were seeking to build up a world-wide empire.

The British Empire was the great obstacle in the way of their gaining this terrible domination. We were fighting in the cause of freedom, and would continue to fight. We are proud of what our men have done, and although they did not accomplish all that was intended, we do not look on their work as a failure. They held a proverbial enemy and showed that they had the same courage as their forefathers. It was the greatest of sacrifices to lay down one's life for a friend, yet many of our soldiers had done this and it was to be hoped that such acts of heroism would never be forgotten. Cr a'Beckett then went on to speak of patriotism as shown in love of home, love of district, love of race and love of empire. The Empire he said was based on mutual love and co-operation and we were proud of the men who were fighting for our liberty and freedom. By their heroism they had stamped their names in golden letters on the military annals of the world. (Cheers).

Some gramophone records, and Sergeant Gardiner was welcomed by Mr McCann and greeted with three hearty cheers. Cr a'Beckett then presented the school with their Roll of Honor and read the names of old scholars who had enlisted, numbering 51. The names are as follow :--J. Adams, John Adamson, James Adamson, H. Anderson, E. Armstrong, D. Bain, G. Bell, M. Brown, J. Brown. E. Buchanan, A. Collins, B. Collins, A. Cruichshank, J. Duncan, H. Flett, C. Franklin, E. Gardiner, C. Gardiner, G. Gardiner, C. Greaves, S. Greaves, J. Collins, N. Hallett, A. Hallett, J. Hehir, H. Harbour, W Harbour, A. Harbour, F. Hartley, J. Hillbrich, A. Hope, E. Inman, E. Loveridge. G. Lyall, A. Meyer, P. McHale, A. Miller, H. Nixon, Jas. Ogilvie, E. Paul, W. Poole, W. Rankine, L. Rankine, F. Roberts, C. Searle, C Smith, H. Smith, W. Thomas, W. Whan, E. Woodley and G. Woodley.

After the presentation the children sang "O God our Help in ages past." Sergeant Gardiner who was received with cheers, followed with a short address. He said they were there that day to commemorate an event that would be remembered as long as time goes on. It was an important event, and it should be marked in some way. He knew something of what the men had to go through at Gallipoli, and he could say they were worthy of the best that could be given them. They knew how to fight and how to die. He had seen men stand up and draw the fire to save their comrades. He was unable to go back himself, but was helping here. He hoped those present would always remember those who had gone to the front to fight for them.

Sergeant-major Leo. Rankine who was over on a visit from Adelaide, also gave a short address. He said his brother had gone to the front and he hoped to follow shortly. He also spoke to the children on the value of education. Mr McCann proposed a hearty vote of thanks to the speakers and Mr Pearson for their assistance. The Berwick school had done well in patriotic work. They had raised over £40, and the girls, assisted by Miss Paul had made a large number of articles. In connection with that day's celebration they had sold 116 Anzac medals and received £3 11s 6d. In conclusion he referred to the fine public spirit shown by Cr a'Beckett, and his readiness at all times to render assistance. He was specially pleased to see Sergeant major Rankine and Sergeant Gardiner. Mr Pearson had rendered them good service, and he was sure all appreciated the fine records given.

Cr a'Beckett, in returning thanks, spoke in eulogistic terms of Mr McCann. Three cheers were given for Mr Pearson, who suitably responded, remarking that it would give him pleasure to be present on some future occasion. The proceedings closed with a fine gramophone record of the Last Post, preceded by the Evening Hymn- " Abide with me." The children went through the ceremony of saluting the flag, and lollies and fruit were then handed around. Thus ended a most interesting celebration.
(Berwick Shire News, April 26, 1916, see here) 

Harkaway
At the Anzac Day celebrations at Harkaway school an address was delivered in the morning by Mr G. O. Lyon, chairman of the school committee, and in the afternoon an address was given by Cr a'Beckett, correspondent of the committee.
(Berwick Shire News, May 3, 1916, see here)  

Pakenham District

The only other report I could find of ANZAC Day 1916 events was this account of activities which would take place in Pakenham district schools
On Anzac Day, to-day, preparations are being made at all schools for enthusiastic gatherings. Pakenham Upper, Pakenham, Toomuc Valley, and Pakenham South schools are all to have concerts, &c., and addresses by members of the school committees and others. At Pakenham Councillor Close is to address the children, and at Pakenham South, Messrs Greenwood, Staughton and others.
(Dandenong Advertiser, April 20, 1916, see here)  

Yallock
ANZAC Day Celebrations - Anzac Day was celebrated at the Yallock School on Thursday. The Rev. H. de Putron Hitchcock addressed the children early in the afternoon, owing to his having a similar, function at Lang Lang at 2 o'clock. The ladies supplied lunch for the children in their usual sumptuous manner, after which the new flag was unfurled, and then the Education Department's programme was adhered to with songs and recitations by the children, who did credit to their teacher, Miss Merrigan, who has had charge of the school for so short a time. Tennis for-the grown-ups, and races for the children filled in the rest of the afternoon, when tea was served and all left for home, having thoroughly enjoyed the outing.

Following is a list of winners of the various events -
Boys - R. Cox. 1, D. McGhee 2, E. Pretty 3.
Boys - E. Garnham 1, S. Cameron 2, C. Finck 3.
Girls - T. Garnham 1, E. Hatty 2, E. Braham 3.
Girls - N. Dalrymple 1, I. Games 2. M. McGhee 3.
Girls - D. Hatty 1. M. Dalrymple 2, M. McGhee 3.
Boys - G. Collyer 1, W. Garnham 2, W. Cameron 3.
Girls - Vera Tanner 1, D. Finck 2, M. McGhee 3.
Boys - N. Bethune 1, L. Finck 2, B. Cox 3.
Boys' High Jump - G. Collyer 1. L. Finck 2.
Young Ladies' Race - Miss Trusscott 1, Miss R. Savage 2.
(Lang Lang Guardian, April 26 1916, see here) 

Lang Lang
The anniversary of the day on which the Australian and New Zealand soldiers landed on Gallipoli was celebrated at the Lang Lang State school on Thursday last. In the morning the ordinary school programme was carried out, and in the afternoon a number of parents and friends assembled, while the children sang Kipling's "Lest we Forget." "O God, our help in Ages Past," and the National Anthem, including the verse "God bless our Splendid Men." The ceremony of saluting the flag was also gone through, and the declaration made: "I love God and my country ; I honor the flag ; I will serve the King, and cheerfully obey my parents, teachers and the laws " During the afternoon short and appropriate addresses were delivered by the Rev H. de Putron Hitchcock and Mr W. Cole.
(Lang Lang Guardian, April 26 1916, see here) 

Dandenong
ANZAC Day at Dandenong State School This important event was celebrated at the above school last Thursday. There was a large attendance of children, parents and friends. Mr Talbot explained that the celebration was taking place that day as the anniversary (25th April) of our troops landing on Gallipoli Peninsula came during the school vacation. He explained the origin of "Anzac," from the first letter of each words of Australia, New Zealand Army Corps. He eulogised the great work our soldiers had done, and pointed out that whatever sacrifice we could make would never compensate for the great sacrifices our men had made on that memorable occasion. We rejoiced in the great deeds, because our boys did it, and mourned because some of our old pupils were killed in the fight. Song by children, under Miss Forsyth, "Lest we Forget;" short and interesting addresses were given by Rev. Buntine, Dr. Taylor, E. P. Walker and A. W. Parson.

The report and Honor roll, by Mr Talbot, showed that 69 old pupils were either in camp or had gone to the Front. Four of these had given their lives for the cause, viz, E. Martin, H. Masters, K. Curlewis and R. Hepburn. Song, by children, "O God, our help - Ages past." The Anzac heroes present were Sergt Harold Tulloch, and Private Henry Newsome, old pupils from the school. These soldiers present gave details of the risks they had to contend against in modest respose; and Recruiting Sergeant Pickett gave an interesting detail of his efforts, and urged the necessity of eligible men to strength our forces. 

Mr Talbot then gave a statement of the results of the efforts of the patriotic organisation. £70,000 had already been raised. Each school had a treasurer, and each teacher kept a record of every penny received in the metropolitan district.--Nott street, Port Melbourne, average over 700 pupils £102; Oakleigh, average over 550 pupils £71 ; Armadale, average over 600 pupils £78; Box Hill, average over 500 pupils £50 ; Dandenong, average over 375 pupils £104. Since the above was published Dandenong has collected £21 and has given to the local Red Cross £28, making a total for our school of £153. A presentation of useful articles was then made to Mr Fisher, who responded. The children sang "Unfurl the Flag," the British flag was saluted, followed by the National Anthem, after which the scholars marched in order to the school room, and were dismissed. The tout ensemble of the affair was most pleasing. The singing was timous, and drilling of the children showed that care had been taken to perfect them; the general intelligence displayed by the young people was a matter for congratulation to all concerned.
(Dandenong Advertiser, April 27, 1916, see here)  

A version of this post was first published on my work blog Casey Cardinia Commemorates: Our War Years. 

Harkaway Memorial Stone and Avenue of Honour

The Harkaway World War One Avenue of Honour was planted in November 1917. The only report of the planting I can find notes that 30 trees were planted, the City of Casey publication, Our Living Memorials (1) note there are 29 trees. It also notes that the Avenue was planted in 1919, but this is incorrect.  The trees are Red Flowering Gums (Eucalyptus ficifolia), which is uncommon for Honour Avenues, although Tooradin's Avenue planted in August 1919, also consists of flowering gums. (2)   

1917- Harkaway's Avenue of Honour planted.

South Bourke and Mornington Journal, November 29, 1917 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article66193123

In 1959, a memorial stone with 27 names, was erected  at the end of this Avenue. Early Days of Berwick (3)  has this report Cr George Rae unveiled a memorial stone to the First World War soldiers who enlisted  from Harkaway before a crowd  of well over  100 people on Anzac Day, 1959.

The stone which stands at the southern entrance to the Honour Avenue near Harkaway, was due to the efforts of Nurse Jessie Traill. She wished to see a more permanent memorial erected then the Honour Avenue. In unveiling the stone, Cr. Rae said: "To have a great country, you must have men and women with physical courage; and in both Gallipoli and France Australians proved that hey had no superiors in this field."

Cr Rae warmly praised Nurse Traill for her thoughtfulness and thanked members of the Berwick R.S.L, and other person who had  contributed to the cost of the stone. He also thanked the Berwick Riding councillors for their assistance in erecting it.

Nurse Traill laid a wreath at the base of the stone, after which members of the Harkaway State School, and other local residents also laid wreaths. Every family in the Harkaway district was represented at the service. Two of the soldiers, whose names appear in alphabetical order on the stone, were present. They were Mr. Alf. Edmonson, of  Cheltenham, who had not been back to Harkaway for 35 years,  and Mr. Alex. McNabb,  of Berwick.

Wide interest was taken in the service by people from surrounding districts, especially members of the Berwick R.S.L. The Rev. P Gason and Rev. J. Lloyd conducted part of the service. 

The names on the stone are -  Nurse Traill / T. Coote / S. Cunningham  / J. Davidson  / H. Dean  / H.L. Dean  / J. Dean  / D. Drummond  / J. Drummond  / W.J. Drummond / A. Edmondson  / C. Fleer  / H. Fleer  / R. Glover / C. Halleur / R. Haysey / J.P. Irwin / K.M. Irwin  / W.C. Irwin  / K. Lucas  / C.H. Lyon  / R. Munro / A. McNab  / A. Wanke  / F. Wanke  / L. Way.

What follows is some information about the 25 men and Nurse Traill who are listed on the Memorial stone, including their Service Number (SN) so you can read their full record on the National Archives of Australia website, www.naa.gov.au

Harkaway Memorial Stone

Image: Glenn Williams 19.04.2026 from

https://avenuesofhonour.org/places/victoria/harkaway/harkaway-avenue-of-honour/

Traill, Jessie (1881-1967)   When the War broke out, Jessie want to England and joined the Voluntary Aid Detachment and nursed in a military hospital in Rouen, France from 1915 until 1919. After the War, she lived in Harkaway and had a distinguished career as an artist. For more information on Miss Traill - I wrote about Jessie Traill for my work blog, you can read it here and the State Library of Victoria has an account of her life, here.

Coote, Thomas Hugh (SN 4999) Thomas was born in Ireland and enlisted on January 13, 1916 at the age of 19. He was a farmer and his next of kin was his father, James, of Harkaway. Thomas was Wounded in Action in April 1918 (gun shot wound in left shoulder, penetrating chest was the bland description in his file) and Returned to Australia July 31, 1918 and was discharged on medical grounds on November 16, 1918. Thomas was granted  a Soldier Settlement farm at Rapanyup on his return. 

Thomas Coote returns home

Dandenong Advertiser, October 3, 1918 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article88818303

Cunningham, Claude Sydney (SN 1246) Claude was a 24 year old farmer and his next of kin was his mother, Emma, of Narre Warren sometimes listed as Narre Warren East. He enlisted on March 18, 1916 and Returned to Australia April 30, 1919. His brother Albert (SN 1245) also enlisted and survived the war. Albert was born in Dunedin in New Zealand and Claude was born in Sydney. Their next of kin was their mother, Emma Cunningham, of Narre Warren East. I have written more about the Cunningham Brothers, here.

The Cunningham brothers of Muddy Creek enlist. Muddy Creek was an old name for 

Narre Warren East. (4)

Berwick Shire News, March 1, 1916 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92089683

The blog Noble Sons: Harkaway in the Great War, see here,  suggests that S. Cunningham is Selwyn Bruce Cunningham (SN 7471). Selwyn enlisted on July 2, 1917 at the age of 19. He was  a farmer and his next of kin was his father, Reverend William Richard Cunningham, of The Manse, Korumburra. Selwyn Returned to Australia January 14, 1919. What is Selwyn's connection to Harkaway?  Reverend Cunningham, purchased a property in Harkaway in 1920 and he was the minister of the Berwick Presbyterian Church from 1921 to 1925. (5)  Given that that Avenue was planted in 1917 and Selwyn's connection to Harkaway appears not to have started until 1920, I don't believe he is the S. Cunningham on the Memorial stone.

Davidson, J  There is a J. Davidson listed on the Memorial Stone. We know that he had  a farewell at the Harkway Hall in August 1915, at the same time as  Robert Munro, Robert Haysey and one of the Fleer brothers (see article below under Robert Munro's entry) and we also know that he was sick in August 1915 (see below), and the article tells us that his middle name started with W. What I don't know is who he actually is. I can't find a J.W Davidson or a J. W.  Davison with a connection to Harkaway or any neighbouring area. If you know who is he, then I would love to hear from you.

Private Davidson on the sick list.

Berwick Shire News September 1, 1915 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92093269

Dean, Henry (SN 5585) Henry enlisted at the age of 29 on February 26, 1916. He was a labourer and his next of kin was his father, Thomas, of Harkaway. In August 1918 he was wounded by machine gun fire - a gun shot wound to the left wrist, smashing several carpal bones and another gun shot wound to the buttock, penetrating the thigh - once again the bland description does not give any indication of the horror of the wound. Henry Returned to Australia on November 20, 1918.
Dean, Herbert Leslie (SN 570) Herbert was 23, a labourer, when he enlisted on February 22, 1916. His next of kin was his mother, Sarah Dean of Harkaway. Lance Corporal Dean Returned to Australia on January 25, 1919.

Henry and Herbert were brothers, the sons of Thomas and Sarah (nee Meara) Dean. Sarah died  in April 1918 and a short obituary in the Dandenong Advertister said that she was of an exceedingly kind and generous disposition and that she had two daughters and seven sons. Three of her sons are on active service abroad.  (6)   I can't work out who the other son was that enlisted, and as there is also a J. Dean on the Memorial stone, it's possible that it was either  their sons named John and James (7), but I can't find a matching record for them or any of the other sons.   I have found another possible candidate, a James Dean, born c. 1874, see below, so he was not the son of Thomas and Sarah, but he lived locally, so the address fits.

Dean, James (SN 2999)  James, born in Sydney,  was 42 when he enlisted an May 31, 1916, he was a market gardener from Narre Warren North and his next of kin was his wife, Francis. He Returned to Australia on March 28, 1919.  James is also listed on the Narre Warren North War Memorial, see here.

Drummond, Daniel George (SN 3082) Daniel enlisted on July 12, 1915 at the age of 27, he was a farmer and his next of kin was his mother, Margaret, of Officer. He married Annie Hopkirk in Scotland before he Returned to Australia April 13, 1919.
Drummond, William John (SN 2902) William enlisted on January 31, 1916 at the age of 29. He was a baker and his next of kin was his father, William Peter Drummond of Harkaway. He Returned to Australia on September 5, 1919. 

Daniel and William are the sons of William and Margaret (nee Duncan). Daniel was born in Mitta Mitta and William, was born in the neighbouring town of Eskdale. 

Drummond, J  There is also a J. Drummond on the Memorial stone - not sure who he is. Daniel and William, also had another brother, Walter Neil Drummond (SN 2571) who enlisted at the age of 18 on June 28, 1915. He was a Blacksmith and had been born in Eskdale. His next of kin was listed as his father, William, of Officer. I presume that William and Margaret moved from Officer to Harkaway in 1916. Walter Returned to Australia April 13, 1919.

Two of the Drummond boys return home.

South Bourke & Mornington Journal, June 12, 1919 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article66196206

Edmondson, Alfred (SN 5493) Alfred, born in Horsham,  enlisted on March 4, 1916, he was a 31 year old farmer and his next of kin was his father, John, of Harkaway.  Alfred Returned to Australia on July 22, 1917 and was medically discharged in November 1917. Alf was present at the unveiling of the Memorial stone in 1959.

Alf Edmonson, a a number of his fellow soldiers,  was presented with a wallet at function held at the Harkaway Hall on April 15, 1916.

Berwick Shire News, April 19, 1916 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92092585 

Fleer, Cyril August (SN 6263) Cyril was an 18 year old farm hand when he enlisted on May 5, 1916. His next of kin was his mother, Martha, of Harkaway. Cyril suffered from trench feet, a condition caused by prolonged exposure to water in the trenches which led to swollen feet, blisters, ulcers and even gangrene. He Returned to Australia on April 5 1918.

Fleer, Harold Edward (SN 3112) Harold was Cyril's brother he was also 18 when he enlisted on July 12, 1915. His next of kin was his father Edward of Harkaway and both Edward and Martha gave consent for their son to sign up. Harold Returned to Australia on April 13, 1919.

Cyril and Harold, both born in Melbourne, were grandsons of Prussian born  Harkaway pioneers, Carl Ernst August Fleer (1832-1904) and his wife Emma Metzenthin (1841-1927), who had a small farm at Harkaway. (8)

Cyril Fleer returns home

Dandenong Advertiser, June 6 1918 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article88815387

Glover, Francis Robert Dean (SN 50059)  Francis enlisted on November 24, 1917. He was 19 and his  occupation was listed as Station hand and his next of kin was his uncle, George Lyon, of Harkaway. There is a letter in his file, from his mother, Edith Glover, who lived in Sydney asking why she was not listed as his next of kin. George Lyon had signed a paper saying that Francis was adopted by him when he was a child and that Francis' father was dead. Francis is the first cousin of Charles Lyon listed below. He served in France and Returned to Australia January 18, 1919. Correspondence in his file showed that in 1938 he was the Station Manager at Carriewerloo Station in Port Augusta, a long way from the rolling hills of Harkaway. As a matter of interest, Carriewerloo Station was where the 1975 film, Sunday too far away, starring Jack Thompson, was filmed.

Halleur, Clarence (SN 1026)  Clarence was 18 years old and a labourer when he enlisted on March 8, 1915. He was born in Harkaway and his next of kin was his mother, Christina. He Returned to Australia April 27, 1919.  Clarence was the son of Rudolph Ernest and Christina (nee Dugard) Halleur also of Harkaway, and the family are the source of the name of Halleur Road in Harkaway. (9) 

Haysey, Robert Ellsmere  (SN 2588) Robert, born in Seyour, enlisted on May 17, 1915, he was 20 years old and an orchardist. His next of kin was his mother, Anne, of Narre Warren North.  Robert was awarded the Croix de Guerre by the King of the Belgians in February 1918. He Returned to Australia May 30, 1919. His brother Norman (SN 6813A) also enlisted, when he was 19 on August 12, 1917. He was Killed in Action on July 4, 1918. I have written more about the Haysey brothers, here, on my post on soldiers from Narre Warren and Narre Warren North.

Irwin, James Purser (SN 5035)
Irwin, Horace Mark (SN 967)
Irwin, Walter Gray (SN 968)
The brothers were a born in Carlton to David Gray Irwin and Hannah Purser, who married in 1894. David and Hannah were farming at Harkaway but in 1918 moved to the suburbs (St Kilda, Caulfield areas) and he became a tramway employee, according to the Electoral Rolls. 

The Irwins leave Harkaway

Dandenong Advertiser April 25, 1918, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article88814737

Irwin, James Purser (SN 5035) James enlisted on January 20 1916 at the age of 20. He was a warehouseman. James served in France but  Returned to Australia on  August 27, 1917 and was medically discharged in January 1918 - he suffered from Psoriasis. In 1918 he married Daphne Idina (known as Ida) Mickle and they are  listed in the Electoral Rolls as living at Brighton for twenty years and then various other Melbourne suburbs, he was a Clerk.  James died in 1986. James' dairy recording his experiences in the War is held at the State Library of New South Wales and can be accessed here. He donated the diary to the Library in 1920. The Trustees of the Mitchell Library (as the State Library of N.S.W is known) started the Soldiers' Diaries Collection in 1918 - we are fortunate that they had the foresight to start this collection when many soldiers were still in possession of their diaries.

Irwin, Horace Mark  (SN 967) Horace enlisted on February 9, 1915 at the age of 18 years 8 months. He was an Orchardist.   David Returned to Australia on July 8, 1919. After the War, Horace married Mina Slater in 1922 and they lived in St Kilda and other suburbs.   Horace was a tramways employee, like his father, and died in 1972.

Irwin, Walter Gray (SN 968)  Walter enlisted on March 3 1915 at the age of 18 years and 7 months. He was  a farmer. Walter served at Gallipoli and Returned to Australia  February 8, 1916 and was discharged on medical grounds in the July of the same year. He suffered from 'Neurasthenia' which is now described as an obsolete term to cover lassitude, inability to concentrate, mental and or physical fatigue. Walter married Lena Petersen in 1918 and died in 1968. Walter and Lena lived in Bendigo and Tatura then in the mid 1930s moved back to Melbourne to Oakleigh. Walter was a 'traveller' or salesman.

A 'complimentary social' was held at Harkaway on July 8, 1916, with over 200 people present, to honour new recruits and also to welcome home Private Walter Irwin.

Berwick Shire News July 12 1916, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92092893

Lucas, Keith Mackie (SN 9315)  Keith, born in Bright, was an 18 year old student when he enlisted on August 18, 1915. his next of kin was his mother, Mary Janet Lucas of Kalimna, Harkaway. Keith Returned to Australia April 27, 1919. 

Keith Lucas and a number of his fellow soldiers, was presented with a wallet at function held at the Harkaway Hall on April 15, 1916.

Berwick Shire News, April 19, 1916 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92092585

Lyon, Charles Hugh (SN 412) Charles was the first cousin of Francis Glover, listed above. His  next of kin was his father, George, of Harkaway. He enlisted at the age of 26 on October 13, 1914 in Walebung in Western Australia. Lieutenant Lyon was Killed in Action in Palestine on November 7, 1917.  Charles' mother, Kate, wrote a letter to the Army on December 1, 1917 -  Lieutenant C.H Lyon is our  only son. The news of his being 'Killed in Action' came direct to me, according  to our dear sons own wish his father being over 70 we did not want him to hear the news unawares. Is it possible for us to ascertain where in Palestine he was killed?  We regret the  country has lost another  of its brave defenders but his place is already filled by our young nephew and adopted son who enlisted last week and hopes to be as true a soldier as his cousin has been since the beginning of the War. Charles attended Berwick Grammar School and is commemorated in their Avenue of Honour, see here. He also attended Geelong College and they have a tribute to him on their website, you can access it here. 

There was an interesting article in the Dandenong Advertiser in March 1918 regarding Lieutenant Lyon's memorial tree -
Some months ago the good people of Harkaway planted an avenue of ornamental trees in memory of the young soldiers who had enlisted from that sylvan retreat, and amongst them was Private Charles Lyon, a son of Mr Gorden [sic] O. Lyon, a well known and influential resident. Amongst the reported killed in action in France was Private Charles Lyon, son of the gentleman named above, and deep and genuine grief was expressed in the little hamlet when the official news came to hand. A few days ago the tree dedicated to the memory of the slain young soldier was pulled up by the roots and there was great indignation at such a disgraceful sacrilegious act, and the perpetrator of such a foul deed was worthy of the most condign punishment. It turns out that the culprit was a five year boy with no malicious intent. (10)  This report also confirms that the Avenue was actually planted in 1917 and not 1919.

McNabb, Alexander (SN 4166) Alexander, born in Ararat, was a 25 year old Engineer and he enlisted on December 13, 1915. His next of kin was his father, Donald, of Harkaway. Alex Returned to Australia  December 22, 1918. Alex was present at the unveiling of the Memorial stone in 1959.

Munro, Robert (SN 6542, incorrectly listed as 65421 in the National Archives) Robert's occupation was Quarrry man  and he served as a Sapper, a military engineer, who constructed bridges, trenches, depots, roads etc.  He was born at Neilborough and was 25 when he enlisted on June 5, 1915 and his next of kin was his wife, Ettie, of Berwick. Lance Corporal Munro Returned to Australia April 13, 1919.

The farewell to Robert Munro, Robert Haysey, J Davidson and either Cyril or Harold Fleer was held at the Harkaway Hall on Saturday, August 14, 1915.

Berwick Shire News, August 18, 1915 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92090128

Wanke, Arthur Robert (SN 1427) Arthur enlisted on March 11, 1916, he was a 27 year old carpenter. Arthur was Wounded in Action on three occasions - Gun shot wound left thigh, Gun shot wound hand and Gun shot wound right leg - as I have said before, the banal description of the wounds does nothing to indicate the severity of them. He Returned to Australia December 12, 1918.
Wanke, Frederick William (SN 6379) Frederick enlisted on April 28, 1916, he was a 26 year old farmer. Frederick Died of Wounds, whilst fighting in France on May 17, 1918.

Arthur and Fredrick were the sons of Emmanuel and Bertha  Wanke of Harkaway. Emmanuel (also spelt Immanuel) was the son of Ernst Gottlob Wanke and his wife Pauline (nee Schurmann) who settled in Harkaway in 1853. Bertha Wanke was an Aursich, and thus from another pioneering German Harkaway family.  (11) The brothers are also listed on the Narre Warren War Memorial, see here.

The Dandenong Advertiser published this tribute to Fred on July 4, 1918 -

Quite a gloom was cast over the district of Harkaway when the sad news recently came to hand, that Private Fred. Wanke had been killed in action "Somewhere in France," on 17th May. This young hero was born and educated at Harkaway, and took a keen interest in any movement that was likely to improve the district. He was a member of the Harkaway Young Men's Club, and was always a true sport. When in camp, while on many of the numerous expeditions with his mates, his motto was: "Age before honor," and he never could do too much for any of the older members of the party. "Fred" was of most genial and obliging disposition, and was 28 years of age. He left a good home and loving parents, to go forth and do his share with the boys in the trenches, where he made the extreme sacrifice. When on furlough he devoted his time to studying the different methods of farming, and was keen on acquiring a knowledge of new ideas. Much sympathy is expressed by his many friends throughout the district, for Mr and Mrs Wanke and family, of "Hillcroft" who have lost a noble son, and brother. Private Arthur Wanke a brother of this fallen soldier, and who was also a member of the Harkaway Young Men's Club, is on active service in France

Way, Leslie Gordon (SN 4547) Leslie, born in Carlton,  enlisted on January 20, 1916, he was a 23 year old farmer and his next of kin was his father, Edward, of Harkaway. Leslie was gassed on two occasions and he Returned to Australia on March 31, 1919. 

A report about Corporal Way

Dandenong Advertiser, May 2 1918  http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article88818197

General Sources

• First Australian Imperial Force Personnel Dossiers, 1914-1920 (or Service records as I call them) at the National Archives www.naa.gov.au
• Early days of Berwick and its surrounding districts (Berwick & District Agricultural and Horticultural Society, 3rd edition, 1979)
• Early Settlers of the Casey-Cardinia District compiled by the Narre Warren and District Family History Group (2010)
• Indexes to the Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages.
• Various newspaper articles on Trove
• Electoral Rolls on Ancestry.com

Footnotes
(1) Our Living Memorials: Avenues of Honour in the City of Casey (City of Casey, 2001) - view and down-load a copy here (it's free) https://www.casey.vic.gov.au/avenues-of-honour
(2) https://kooweerupswamphistory.blogspot.com/2026/05/avenue-of-honour-at-tooradin.html
(3) Early days of Berwick and its surrounding districts (Berwick & District Agricultural and Horticultural Society, 3rd edition, 1979)

(4) https://victoriaspast.blogspot.com/2026/05/narre-warren-east-wants-new-name.html
(5) South Bourke & Mornington Journal, July 22, 1920, see here;  Dandenong Advertiser, March 18 1937, see here. 
(6) Dandenong Advertiser, May 2, 1918, see here.
(7) From the the death notice of Thomas in The Argus of April 11, 1924 (see here) and the Indexes to the Births, Deaths and Marriages we can establish that Thomas and Sarah had thirteen children - Frederick Thomas (born 1874, birth registered at Elmore), Annie (1876 Elmore), Sarah Jane (1878 - 1879, ten months old, Diggora), John (Rochester, died 1965, aged 83, hence born c. 1882), James (1882 Elmore), Henry (1885, Rochester), William (1887 Elmore), Arthur Alfred (1889 - 1890, seven months old, Elmore), Joseph Leonard (1891 - 1891, two months old, Elmore), Albert Edward (1891 - 1891, 2 months old, Elmore), Herbert Leslie (1892 Moama), Sydney (1894 Moama) and Ruby (1896 Moama).
(8) Early days of Berwick and its surrounding districts  and Early Settlers of the Casey-Cardinia District  - see General Sources, above.
(9) Ibid.
(10) Dandenong Advertiser,  March 21, 1918, see here.  
(11) Early days of Berwick and its surrounding districts  and Early Settlers of the Casey-Cardinia District  - see General Sources, above.

This is a revised and expanded version of  posts, which I wrote and researched, that appears on my work blog, Casey Cardinia Commemorates: Our War Years.