Dr John Newman Tremearne of Creswick and Mandeville Hall

John Newman Tremearne was a doctor, an inventor, was at one time was charged with manslaughter,  and claimed to be able to cure cancer.  Dr Tremearne, who was born in Cornwall, England in c.1844, arrived in Melbourne on the Norfolk on July 9, 1872 (1) and took up a position of Resident Surgeon at the Creswick Hospital (2).  The activities of a country doctor were many and varied and there are reports that he treated typhoid patients, amputated limbs after accidents, performed post-mortems and at one time performed a lithotomy on a kidney stone the size of a hen's egg (3). 

Dr Tremearne

Image: The Victorian School of Forestry by Malcolm McKinty published here 

https://www.victoriasforestryheritage.org.au/activities1/learning/17-the-vsf-story.html

In 1876, at St John's Church of England in Creswick, John married Ada Jane Martin, whose father, Francis Martin, was the editor of the Creswick Advertiser.(4). The couple had six children (5) and only the one grandchild.

• Arthur John Newman (1877 - 1915). Arthur had a military career and in July 1895 received a commission in the 3rd Ballarat Battalion. He was a Lieutenant when he left to serve in the Boer War in 1899 with the First Victorian Infantry Company. He was invalided to England in June 1900. In 1908 and 1909 he served in Northern Nigeria and had his face grazed by a poisoned arrow whilst fighting the natives. The Age on June 13, 1910 reported that the University of Cambridge awarded him a certificate for his researches into the origin, language and folklore of the Houssa tribe in Nigeria. The certificate carries the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Captain Tremearne has also been awarded by the Cambridge University a Diploma of Anthropology for his thesis on Nigerian head hunters. Arthur was the author of a number of books including  The tailed head-hunters of Nigeria: an account of an official's seven years' experiences in the Northern Nigerian pagan belt, and a description of the manners, habits and customs of the native tribes as well as The ban of the Bori: demons and demon-dancing in West and North Africa and also Hausa folk-tales: Hausa text of the stories in Hausa superstitions and customs, in Folk-lore.  Arthur enlisted in the  British Army at the start of the First World War and was killed in Action in France on September 25, 1915. He had married Mary Louisa Tremearne in 1906, I presume she was a cousin. According to the 1911 English Census she had been born in Bengal in India. (6). I don't believe they had any children.

Arthur Tremearne

Weekly Times October 9, 1915 https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/132707420?

• Ada Avenel (1879 - 1890). Her parents installed a memorial window in her honour at St John's Church of England in Creswick in June 1892. (7).  
• Francis Clement (1880-1881)
• John Eliot (1882-1951).  John was journalist on The Herald newspaper - a music and dramatic critic for 20 years until he retired in 1946, according to an obituary. He was a foundation member of the Australian Journalists' Association and a friend of fellow Creswick native, Norman Lindsay. John married Veronica McNamee in 1911 and they had one daughter, Veronica in 1913; she  married Graham Green in 1946. Young Veronica had nine month trip to England and Europe in 1937, where she saw the International Exhibition in Paris; travelled for two months by car around England and Scotland and saw the Coronation procession of King George VI.  Her father's newspaper, The Herald, reported on the trip. (8). 
• Frank Bazeley (1884- 1955) Frank enlisted to serve in the First World War on November 1, 1917 at the age of 33. He Returned to Australia July 23, 1919. He married Frances Daintry Harrison in 1945. Frank was also a  journalist, like his maternal grandfather and his brother. He was with The Argus. (9).
• Guy Howard (1893-1897).

Dr Tremearne's house at Creswick.

Image from https://omeka.cloud.unimelb.edu.au/cchc/items/show/6775

The Tremearne family built this grand house (above) in the early 1880s in Creswick (10). It is still standing and is now part of Melbourne University's Creswick Campus or the School of Forestry as it used to be known. The family were very much involved with the civic and social life of the town and when they left the town in 1902, the Ballarat Star reported that -
During the number of years they have resided here, much philanthropic work has by them, and 
their removal from Creswick, will leave a blank not easily filled. (11).

From 1883/84 Dr Tremearne began to acquire large parcels of land east of Dandneong, in what is now Hallam and Endeavour Hills. The 1883/84 Shire of Berwick Rate Books show that he owned Grasmere, Parish of Eumemmerring, part of Thomas Herbert Power's old Estate; a notation shows the rates were paid by R. B. Ridler. In the 1884/85 Rate Books the entry is under R.B. Ridler. In 1885/86, Dr Tremearne is listed as owning 653 acres, Parish of Narre Warren; as well as the 1815 acres in the Parish of Eumemmerring, leased to Robert Ridler.  In 1886/87, Tremearne owns 292 acres in the Parish of Eumemmerring, plus the 1815 acres in the Parish of Eumemmerring leased to Robert and Leonard Ridler. In 1887/88  - 292 acres Parish of Eumemmerring and a house; and 300 acres, also in the Parish of Eumemmerring, plus the 1815 acres in the Parish of Eumemmerring leased to Robert and Leonard Ridler. This is Tremearne's last appearance in the Rate Books.  (12). 

Dr Tremearne is said to have built Four Oaks homestead around 1883. The house is still standing at 13 Cardigan Street, Endeavour Hills. Four Oaks was so named as there were four oak trees on the property and is the name of one of the City of Casey Wards. There are only two oak trees remaining. I do not believe that Dr Tremearne actually lived here as there is evidence that he was still working in Creswick at the time, so it may be that he held this land as a speculative investment and the house was built for a farm manager or the Ridlers (13). 

Four Oaks, Endeavour Hills in 1987.

Image: Casey Cardinia Libraries

Dr Tremearne put his land up for sale on November 23, 1887 - as you can see by the advertisement below. Interestingly the property is not called Four Oaks but Rockley Park. Rockley Park, allotments 17 to 20, Parish of Eumemmering is  south of Heatherton Road, between Power Road and Hallam North Road and was just over 650 acres.

Sale of Dr Tremearne's Dandnenong properties.

The Australasian November 5, 1887. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/143302930

The 1880s was a boom time in Victoria with property values going through the roof which is reflected in the following story and also adds strength to my idea that Dr Tremearne had purchased this land as an investment. The property was sold by Tremearne to James Mirams on March 1, 1888 for £40,000.  On March 14, Mirams sold the land for £48,000 to the Real Estate Bank. On May 1, the Real Estate Bank sold the land to Frederick Illingworth for £60,000. On June 14, Illingworth sold the land to the Grasmere Estate Company for £105,000. However when Tremearne sold the land to Mirams, Mirams paid in cash and promissory notes to be paid at specific times over the next few years and if Mirams failed to make a payment the contract was rescinded and this happened in March 1889. The contract was rescinded, however Mirams paid so the contract was reinstated. However the Grassmere Company used this to try to get out of the contract with Illingworth. (14). This involved Court case was written up in The Argus of September 10, 1889, you can read it here.    

Back to Creswick. During the time Tremearne owned the land in what is now Endeavour Hills, there is plenty of evidence in newspaper reports to show that he was still living and practicing medicine in Creswick and it was during this time that he was charged with manslaughter.  Richard Goatley was accidentally given a dose of morphia by Dr Tremearne rather than a dose of silicate of soda and he died. An inquest was held in February 1886 and the manslaughter trial at Stawell in the March (15). You can read about the trial, here.  In the end the Crown entered a  nolle prosequi or 'unwilling to pursue'. (16). 

The Argus, July 31, 1896 https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/8910674

In 1896, when he was still at Creswick, Dr Tremearne discovered a cure for cancer. As the Sydney Mail newspaper noted -

A section of the community hail the report with natural joy. Another section asks, 'Can any good thing come out of Creswick?' The reputed discoverer is a surgeon and a scientist, liked and respected by his profession, and has been connected for some years with the pretty little mining township of Creswick, in the Ballarat district. (17).

Actually, Dr Tremearne had heard of this treatment from a colleague in Germany and so had not discovered it, but he was sent some supplies of this treatment, called methylene blue (18), and had been experimenting with it for four weeks with six of his cancer patients and he was struck by the wonderful rapidity in which their pain was eased. Here are two example of this treatment - 

The doctor's first patient was an old man, the right side of whose check was in a terrible state. For four days the doctor injected the methylene blue, when the appearance of the man's cheek showed a remarkable improvement. The cancerous growth was reduced in size and showed a decided shrinkage, while the patient suffered no pain whatever. The sufferer returned to his home about a fortnight ago. He has continued to use the prescription and he has written to the doctor informing him that he is getting along splendidly. Another patient, a lady, took to her bed at the hospital and it was never thought that she would leave it alive. Her cancer was an internal one, and she was suffering excruciating pain. After three days treatment she was able to leave her bed, and her condition has greatly improved. (19).

Dr Tremearne was clearly a man who was open to new ideas and in September 1897 he was granted  a patent for A new or improved desk or stand for supporting a hook, paper or other articles, and fittings for attaching same to chair, lounge, bed or table. 

Dr Tremerane's patent

Victoria Government Gazette, September 3, 1897, p. 3397. 

https://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/images/1897/V/general/87.pdf

In September 1902, Dr Tremearne's hospital was sold and they then left Creswick and moved to Melbourne, where two of their sons were living (20). In May 1908, Ada Tremearne's sister, Ella Martin purchased Mandeville Hall in Toorak. Melbourne Punch noted - 
Mandeville Hall, a charming residence in Clendon-road, Toorak, built by the late Mr. Joseph Clarke
and lately occupied by Mrs. Ross Soden, has been taken by Miss Ella Martin to let in residential
suites or rooms. Miss Martin, who has had considerable experience in house management, has provided admirably for her patrons. Mr. Gillow of Robertson and Moffat's, has had carte blanche, and the firm have transformed the beautiful entrance hall, the handsome reception rooms, the bedrooms, and the smoke room into most refined and homelike interior, second to none of their kind. All the rooms have bells and fireplaces and the many bathrooms are fitted with hot and cold water. The rich and quaint mural decorations make the interior still more attractive, and the lovely liberty furnishing in rich Georgian designs add still more to the luxurious surroundings. Terms are from £2 2 a week. Mandeville Hall, standing on five acres of land, has tennis and croquet grounds, and fine lawns, is four minutes from the Toorak trains and near the tram line. (21)

The original house on the site was one of 12 rooms built for Alfred Watson in 1869. It was purchased by Joseph Clarke in 1876 who had the house enlarged to 30 rooms and an ornate facade added. These works were designed by the architect, Charles Webb. (22).

In May 1908 John and Ada moved to Mandeville Hall (23).  Dr Tremearne died at the age of 68 on November 14, 1912 whilst living at Mandeville Hall. (24).  Ella Martin sold Mandeville Hall in 1924 to the Loreto Order of Nuns, who turned it into a school, which is still operating (25).

It is clear that the Tremearne family were well off, but that didn't prevent the heartache of losing three of their six children at a young age  - Ada was eleven years old, Francis was 8 months and Guy was three years old; and when Ada Tremearne died on April 1,  1942 at the age of 84 (26), she had only two sons living, John and Frank, Arthur having been killed in World War One. John and Ada are buried at the Creswick Cemetery, along with their little children -  Ada, Francis and Guy. 

Mandeville Hall, the last home of Dr Tremearne.

State Library of Victoria Image IAN31/10/78/18.

Published in the Australian Illustrated News October 31, 1878.

http://handle.slv.vic.gov.au/10381/251122

Trove list
I have created a list of newspaper articles about Dr Tremearne and his family on Trove, click here to access the list

Footnotes

1) The Australasian, July 13, 1872, see here.
(2) The Leader (Orange) November 18, 1912, see here.

(3)  See articles in my Trove list, here.

(4) Ballarat Star, September 29, 1876, see here; The Argus, September 30, 1876, see here. Ada was born 1856 to Francis Nicholas Martin and his wife, Grace Row.

(5) Index to the Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages.

(6) Boer War Nominal roll entry, see here; The Age, June 13, 1910, see here;  Obituaries of Arthur Tremearne - Ballarat Courier, October 5, 1915, see here; Ballarat Star, October 6, 1915, see here;  Weekly Times, October 9, 1915, see here; State Library of Victoria hold some of his books. Marriage notice - Ballarat Star, June 9, 1906, see here;  U.K.Census available on Ancestry.com.

(7) Ballarat Star, June 9 1892, see here.

(8) Obituary - The Herald, February 2, 1951, see here; The Herald, October 19, 1937, see here.

(9) WW1 Attestation papers at the National Archives of Australia; The Argus, November 19, 1955, see here.

(10) https://omeka.cloud.unimelb.edu.au/cchc/items/show/6775
(11) Ballarat Star, October 10, 1902, see here.
(12) Shire of Berwick Rate books and the City of Berwick Heritage Conservation Study, prepared by Context P/L in 1993 (see footnote below for access)

(13) Four Oaks does have a City of Casey Heritage overlay. You can read the citation in the City of Berwick Heritage Conservation Study, prepared by Context P/L in 1993. Access it https://www.casey.vic.gov.au/heritage-at-casey > Local Heritage Studies and Reviews

(14) The Argus, September 10, 1889, see here.

(15) Weekly Times, March 6 1886, see here.

(16) Hamilton Spectator, March 20, 1886, see here.

(17) Sydney Mail, August 15, 1896, see here.

(18) Methylene Blue  https://www.britannica.com/science/methylene-blue

(19) The Argus, July 31, 1896, see here.

(20) Ballarat Star, September 9, 1902, see here.

(21) Punch, May 21, 1908, see here.

(22) Victorian Heritage database https://vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/places/1165

(23) Punch, May 14, 1908, see here.

(24) The Age, November 16, 1912, see here.

(25) The Argus, August 1, 1924,  see here.

(26) The Argus, April 2, 1942, see here.

This is an expanded version of  a post, which I wrote and researched, which appears on my work blog, Casey Cardinia Links to our Past.

Best-kept Railway Stations in Victoria

I came across this photograph of the Warragul Railway Station planted with tree ferns. It's a bit unusual, and I would have thought slightly impractical, to see the platform planted out, so I had to share it. 

U.121 at Warragul, 1890. Victorian Railways photographer.

State Library of Victoria Image H1077

It was however, common for railway stations to have gardens. The Argus, in November 1892, reported on the establishment of a prize for best-kept station -
With a desire to see the railway stations beautified the Acting Railway Commissioners have decided to offer an annual premium for the best-kept station. In their travels of inspection of the railways they noticed with pleasure that trees shrubs and flowers had been planted about some of the stations and that the effect was very cheerful, especially in contrast with the dull and smoky aspect of most stations. Their intention is to encourage tree and shrub planting in the station grounds adjacent to the platforms and, they recommend in a circular, to be issued to all stationmasters, that in hot districts especially the trees should be placed so as to afford a shade to passengers on the platforms and that shrubs in boxes might be placed on the platforms. The station masters will be provided with trees on application to the west branch of the Mines department, and may receive advice from the conservator of forests if they desire it. The prize for the best kept station will be £10 per annum. (1).

As the photo of the Warragul station is dated 1890, the railway staff there were seemingly forerunners when it came to station plantings and in August 1893, they were awarded a prize for their garden, where the ferns were mentioned as a feature -

When the prizes were awarded for the best kept suburban and country railway stations to Glen Huntly and Warragul respectively, some difficulty was felt in alloting the prize for Warragul, as the work of planting ferns, &c., had been shared in by various officers. The station master, Mr. Urquhart, who was in charge during the greater period of the improvement, was lately transferred to Princes-bridge. The authorities have decided to hand over the £10 prize to Mr. Urquhart for distribution among the Warragul staff. Other stations in the suburbs are now taking up the idea, and at various points in the metropolitan system tree planting is going on, which will produce very acceptable results in a few years. (2)

It appears that Warragul was the catalyst to award two prizes, a suburban station prize and a country station prize - 

Mr. Ingram, the railway storekeeper, who was recently deputed by the commissioners to inspect

the various stations, has recommended that the prize of £10 offered for the best kept station should be given to Mr. Wm. Collins, station master at Glen Huntly. Mr. Ingram has suggested that a second prize should be given for the best kept country station, which, if agreed to, will be awarded to the Warragul station. (3)   

Warragul Station opened March 1, 1878 and the original wooden building was replaced by the existing brick building in 1918. (4). I have no date as to when the ferns were removed, but this photo below, dated 1900, does not show them, but there are a few trees planted on the platform.

Warragul Railway Station, c. 1900 - the fern trees have been removed.

Block on the line, Warragul. State Library of Victoria Image H39533

The Herald announced the winners of the 1894 best kept stations, with Avoca and Sandringham winning the Country and Suburban sections.

The Herald September 8 1894 https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/241110207

Sandringham Railway Station in 1899, still very well kept, five years after they won the best-kept station award.

Photographer William Sims. State Library of Victoria image H31598/7

This is a report of the elaborate garden at Fairfield Park Railway Station which won in 1896 -

With a view to encouraging officials who are in charge of railway stations to improve their surroundings, the Railway department has an annual inspection, and award prizes to the men in charge of the best kept stations. This year the first prize has fallen to the Fairfield Park station master, Heidelberg line, where a great deal of artistic taste has been displayed in beautifying the platform. Plots of ornamental shrubs and flowers, and rockeries with ferns and other suitable growth, present a pleasant view to passengers. This station was regarded as the second best in the suburbs last year. The second prize was awarded to Brunswick, and the third to East Richmond. Of the stations on the country lines, Bacchus Marsh was chosen for first prize, Telford second and Condah third. (5).

Bacchus Marsh wins the best-kept country station in 1896.

Ballarat Star, May 19, 1896 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article207486054

Bacchus Marsh Railway Station, c. 1900. The gardens have interesting plantings 

and use of free-form branches as trellising.

State Library of Victoria Image H92.386/11. Click here for a close-up http://handle.slv.vic.gov.au/10381/23316

The people of Condah were not happy with a third as the Condah correspondent of the Hamilton Spectator reported - 

Great surprise and no small amount of indignation was felt at the published award at the annual competition of the best kept railway stations throughout the colony. That Condah should receive only third place with hon. mention was treated as a joke. Really it would be interesting to know on what grounds the award was made. If the beautifying of a station depends upon the artistic display of pot plants, then the station that is near a nursery can easily take first prize; but if it be a permanent and systematic improvement, such as filling up blank corners with growing flowers, the planting of trees, etc., then we claim that our station ranks easily first in the list of stations. Doubtless many of our readers in passing through have admired the beautiful display of growing flowers, and have noted the very great change in the appearance of the station platform and grounds surrounding it. Sympathy is expressed for Mr. Kellaway, whose station was judged late in the season, when nearly all the bloom was gone, and many of the outside changes were not noticed at all. (6)

There was much competition for the best-kept station prize; the Coburg Leader reported in 1899 -
Railway Station Gardening - It is expected that the prize annually given by Mr. Mathieson, Chief Commissioner of Railways, will have considerable competition. Last year the honor of success in this direction fell to Broadford, whilst it is three years since the Brunswick station captured it. Without appearing egotistical it may be said that if the local station does not pull off the prize this time it is not the fault of Messrs Kemmis, Collins and Stephens who, are respectively in charge of the station. For a suburban station with an inconsiderable number of travellers, great credit rebounds on these gentlemen for the painstaking manners and botanical like effect with which the work has been carried out. This is more creditable on account of the depredations of goats and children, the latter it is explained are not content with pulling the flowers, but actually, uproot them to the annoyance and chagrin of the officers. (7)  

Brunswick won the prize in 1904 and the substantial garden was described in The Age -
The Railways. The Best Kept Station. Brunswick wins the prize - The Brunswick railway station employes have won the first prize of £7 in the suburban competitions for tree planting and station decoration given by the Railway department in order to encourage the beautifying of railway stations. This year about 40 blue gums have been planted at the Brunswick station, while there are also oak trees, elms, cypresses and willows, in addition to well kept rosemary borders, creepers, shrubs, flowers, and picturesque bamboos. (8)

Cheltenham wins the best-kept station in 1905

The Age December 20, 1905 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article199426164

The Cheltenham Railway Station, winner of the best-kept station in 1905.

Victorian Railways photographer. 

State Library of Victoria Image H1077

Around 1906, the Victorian Railways also introduced  a prize for the best-kept station residence. It was common for some staff to be provided with a house, as railway historian Leo Harrigan noted - 

From the inception  of Government railways in Victoria, staff residences have been provided at certain stations, crossings and other places for stationmasters, gatekeepers, gangers and the like (9). The Victorian Railways no doubt hoped this prize would an incentive for the staff to look after their house. 

The Herald reported on the various prizes awarded in 1906, and the list highlights the sheer size of the Victorian Railways at the time - which consisted of the rolling stock, the maintenance infrastructure, the railway staff and the railway line network, shown in magnificent detail in these maps here   https://www.vrhistory.com/VRMaps/index.htm 

As a matter of interest, one woman, Mrs Mason, of the Deepdene Station won first prize for her well kept residence in the Metropolitan area in 1906-

Railway Residences: Prize Awards - Some time ago the Railway Commissioners offered prizes of L6, L3 and L1 respectively for the three best-kept departmental residences, in each workmaster's district, which were occupied by daily-paid employes of the department. After devoting considerable care in their work the Judges have made the following awards:— Metropolitan District: Gatewoman Mason, Deepdene, 1; Gateman Butler, Brighton Beach, 2; Ganger Russell, Emerald. 3. Eastern District: Repairer Venville, Buln Buln, 1; Ganger West and Repairer Amger, Tynong, divided 2nd and 3rd. Northern District: Porter Young, Carlsruhe, 1; Signalman Broughton and Repairer Whiffen, divided 2nd and 3rd. North-Eastern District: Repairer M'Govern, Tarrawinge, 1; Ganger Brandy, Myrtleford, 2: Ganger Graham, Bright, 3. Northern and Midland District: Repairer Arblaster, Kurting, 1; Porter M'Iver, North Creswick, 2; Repairer Scarff, Tournello, 3. Western District: Repairer Dickson, Birregurra 1; Signalman Murfiit, Linton Junction 2; Ganger Holden, Cobden 3. North Western District: Ganger Murphy, Goroke, 1; Repairer Cook, Natimuk, divided half of the second and third prizes, Ganger Brock, Rainbow and Ganger Lines, Mildura, divided a quarter of 2nd and third prizes. (10)

The best-kept station prize and the best-kept station residence prize were still being awarded in the 1950s, but I have no information when they finished. 

Footnotes

(1) The Argus, November 4, 1892, see here.

(2) Gippsland Farmers' Journal, August 1, 1893, see here.

(3) The Age, July 6, 1893, see here.

(4) Copeland, Hugh The Path of Progress: from forests of yesterday to homes of to-day  (Shire of Warragul, 1934)

(5) The Leader, June 20, 1896, see here.

(6) Hamilton Spectator, June 4, 1896, see here.

(7) Coburg Leader, December 23, 1899, see here.

(8) The Age, September 13, 1904, see here.

(9) Harrigan, Leo J Victorian Railways to '62 (Victorian Railways, 1962), p. 148

(10) The Herald, July 30, 1906, see here.

Arymtage Own Scout Hall, Dandenong

This post looks at the construction and the official opening of the Armytage Own Scout Hall in Dandenong. When I was a girl (the 1960s and early 1970s) the main way to get from our home in Cora Lynn to Melbourne was along the Princes Highway through Dandenong and there were three 'landmarks' that I used to look out for in Dandenong - the Dandy Bacon neon pig; the rocket ship on the Coles New World and the Armytage Own Scout Hall, because it looked like a castle. 

The Armytage Own Scout Hall, Dandenong, c. 1950s.

Valentine Publishing. State Library of Victoria Image H2004.171/5a

The early history of scouting in Dandenong is a bit hazy (to me) but there was a Scout Troop in Dandenong in 1909; however there are also reports that the 1st Dandenong Scout Group was established in July 1917; it was also known as the1st Dandenong Troop of Boy Rechabite Scouts, and members had to belong the Independent Order of Rechabites. The Scout Master was Mr D. McFarlane (1). The troop did not appear to last very long as in June 1928 there are more newspaper reports of a newly formed troop of scouts - the 1st Dandenong Troop Armytage Own. It was named the Armytage Own (also Armytage's Own) after Miss Ada Armytage, who has taken a warm practical interest in the troop right from the time it was re-formed. (2).

In June 1928, a concert was held at the Boomerang Theatre in Dandenong, to raise money for the Scout Troop, and Miss Armytage presented the troop colours, comprising a Union Jack, an Australian flag, and a troop flag, to the 1st Dandenong colour party (3).  The Troop colours were blue and gold. (4)

Ada Elizabeth Armytage (1859-1939), was the second child and eldest daughter of Charles Armytage (1824-1876) and his wife Caroline Tuckwell (1832-1909). They raised their ten children, born between 1858 and 1875, at Como and the property was in the Armytage family until 1959, when it was handed to the National Trust. Caroline purchased Holm Park (built c. 1877) at Beaconsfield in 1883 as a country residence.  Ada became involved in the Scouting movement as early as 1902, when she invited the Richmond and Toorak troops to hold camps at Como. (5).

Miss Armytage also held scout camps at Holm Park - the 1929 camp was reported in The Argus - The 1st Dandenong Troop of Boy Scouts (Armytage's Own) has concluded a fortnight's camp at Holm Park, Beaconsfield, the property of Miss Ada Arymtage. A sports meeting was held for trophies given by Miss Armytage. One of the most interesting incidents of the camp was the campfire concert, held on sloping ground on the Holm Park home.....On behalf of the parents and committee of the troop, Councillor W.B. Tharle presented Miss Armytage with an enlarged inscribed finished coloured photograph of the troop, as a slight recognition of her generous assistance.... To commemorate the troops first birthday, Miss Armytage entertained the scouts at a party on the eve of breaking camp. The table decorations in the large Holm Park dining-room included a miniature scouts' camp from which rose a four-tier birthday cake. (6). 

The Dandenong Scout Hall

The Herald, August 21, 1929 https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/244000117

In 1929, construction began on the Dandenong Scout Hall, the finest Scout Hall in Australia (7),  in Hemmings Park, on the Princes Highway near the High School. The Scout Hall was generously funded by Miss Ada Armytage, who commissioned Architect, Ivan Dimant, to design the building. (8). Hemmings Park was left to the Dandenong Shire by John Hemmings. Mr Hemmings had arrived in Dandenong in 1856; he was a Councillor, member of the Dandenong Water Trust and was a coachbuilder and wheelwright by trade. He died aged 84, June 29, 1922 (9). 

The Dandenong Journal had a detailed report of the building in June 1930 -
The work of erection was the task of Mr. Leslie G. Taylor, and every detail has been carried but with meticulous care, under supervision and direction of Mr. Woodcock, Shire engineer. In design, it is attractive, and like wise wholly imposing, having a frontage of solid brick, over which there is a surface of colored rough cast. Its turreted and battlemented entrance through a wide and imposing Gothic arch, is an adherence that is faithful to the original. From each front corner pillar there is swung a huge chain, carried in loops to smaller posts in keeping with the general design. Though the whole frontage is of brick, and of rough cast, the remainder of the spacious structure is of wood, to which has been added weighty steel columns, making for solidity; and, on the outside the rough cast has been completed, over the whole, whilst the inner walls are Leonite sheeted.

The area of the building is 50,000 feet, having a floor space of 40,000 ft., since four cloak rooms and an office accommodation has become provided at the entrance. The floors of the whole are of the best Victorian hard wood, and the dance room, which is the special feature of the whole, has been electrically planed, and is perfect. The walls internally are finished with a luxuriant Victorian timber dado and overhead is a ceiling of fibro plaster artistically affixed.

Originally it had been intended to provide a gallery, but thought of that was later abandoned. As things progressed, it was found possible to revert to that plan, and so there has now become provided a supper room, approached by a wide stairway. It is at the front of the building, where there has been provided a supper room, buffet and lounge. (10)

The Dandenong Scout Hall

The Australian Home Beautiful: a journal for the home builder. Vol. 8 No. 8 (1 August 1930), p. 66, from Trove.

http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2948710725

The hall was opened in July 1930 with a grand ball - Table Talk had an extensive report -

The Prince's Highway has gained another decorative note in the 1st Dandenong Armytage Own Scout Hall, which made a handsome landmark on Thursday evening, July 3, when illuminated for the opening ball, for it enabled its fine architectural features and battlement front and tower to be seen to advantage.

This beautiful hall, of which the Scouts are immensely proud, has been made possible largely through the interest and help of Miss Ada Armytage, whose home, Holm Park, Upper Beaconsfield, has always been an active centre for Scout Interests, as Miss Armytage has placed the lodge at their disposal as their camping centre. The Scout movement has always roused her admiration to such an extent that one of her proudest moments was when she herself was admitted to the ranks, and presented with one of their highest badges. Not only has Miss Armytage contributed largely to the cost of the hall, but she has given the furnishings, pictures, etc. (11).

At the opening ball, twenty-seven debutantes were presented to Miss Armytage; also in the official party was the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress of Melbourne, Cr. and Mrs. Harold Luxton and the local member, Mr Herbert Creamean and his wife.  The debutatntes were Misses Marjory Butler, Gwen Curtis, Lottie Roulston, Nola Verey, Rose Richardson, Phyllis Ryan, Dorothy Fletcher, Vera Donnelly, Rose Deal, Margery Talbot, Hazel Walker, Violet Richardson, Olga Merrett, Winnie Moloney, Verna Outtrim, Celia Maloney, Linda Verey, Clare Warren, Lisa Talbot, Edna Rout, Beryl Stuart, Ruth Beddoe, Eileen O'Neill, Thora Ennis, Edie Roulston, Mary Roberts, Myrtle Walker (12). The Dandenong Journal published the names of the partners of the girls and a description of the dresses of the debutantes; you can read it here. 

The Table Talk article continued with a list of guest and what they wore - this is the description for Miss Armytage who in her beautiful long gown of black chiffon with motifs at intervals worked with diamente, and graceful corsage finished of fine black chantilly lace laid over flesh pink chiffon in the centre front and back, recalled the grande dame of pre-war days, especially as her beautiful white hair was set off by a diamond tiara worn rather low on the brow, and an exquisite necklet of emeralds and diamonds was worn. She carried a gorgeous bouquet of splendid pansies and feathery chrysanthemums in tawny tones, tied with the Armytage Own Scout colors. (13).

The Scout Hall is still standing, but had ceased being used by the Scouts in the 1980s. It is on the Victorian Heritage Register. (14).

To finish this post we will look at the trip 180 Scouts made on January 7, 1935 to the Dandenong Scout Hall and Holm Park. The Scouts were attending the World Scout Jamboree held at Frankston (15). After arriving in Dandenong they visited Kelly and Lewis Pty. Ltd. and the  Dandenong Bacon Factory and from there they journeyed to the Armytage Own Scout Hall, where a surprise indeed was awaiting them. None realised so grand a hall could exist out of a metropolitan city. It was to them all an awakening. (16). 

An interesting ceremony then took place; interesting, of course, as I would have assumed that the foundation stone would have been unveiled during the construction stage of the building and not five years later  - At this point the company adjourned to the front entrance of the spacious hall. There followed a joyous ceremony - in the unveiling of the foundation stone, and to the honor of the lady (Miss Armytage), whose name is thereon inscribed in letters of gold on spacious tablet...... a silver trowel [was presented and] Miss Armytage received it with words of graciousness, and waved it appropriately over the stone, which she declared was truly placed. (17).

The Scouts then travelled to reception at the Dandenong Town Hall and their day was still not finished as they were to motor over through the glorious hills and to return via “Holm Park,” where Miss Armytage was to be their gracious hostess at afternoon tea. That was of surprising generosity, and so generously received, each visitor felt himself at home, as the name of the picturesque estate implies. (18). 

Miss Ada Armytage, with the silver trowel, unveiling the foundation stone at the 

Dandenong Scout Hall, January 7, 1935 (19)

Melbourne University Archives image 1968.0011.00255

As a matter of interest, another of Miss Armytage's project was the funding and establishment of the Beaconsfield Avenue of Honour in 1929. Hybrid Black Poplars were planted along the Princes Highway between the Cardinia Creek and the Berwick township to honour 123 local Great War soldiers (20).   Ada Armytage died on September 2, 1939. She was cremated at Springvale Cemetery and a memorial service was held at the Officer Union Church.  Miss Armytage left an estate of £139,557, but did not have a Will. She was survived a brother, two sisters, a niece and two nephews (21). 

Trove list - I have created a list of newspaper articles relating to this post, access it here.

Footnotes
(1) There is a photo of the Dandenong Scout group in Punch, January 6, 1910, see here; and an interesting account of their 1911 Christmas camp at Rosebud in the South Bourke and Mornington Journal of January 12, 1911, here; the Dandenong  Advertiser of October 4, 1917, see here, reported that the Dandenong Troop was nine weeks old and the requirement to be a member of the Independent Order of Rechabites; the South Bourke and Mornington Journal of October 4, 1914, see here, called the troop the Boy Rechabite Scouts.
(2) Dandenong Journal, November 1, 1928, see here.
(3) The Argus, June 26, 1928, see here.
(4) Dandenong Journal, January 10, 1935, see here.
(5) Selzer, Anita The Armytages of Como: pastoral pioneers (Halstead press, 2003). 
(6) The Argus, January 11, 1929, see here.

(7) The Australian Home Beautiful: a journal for the home builder. Vol. 8 No. 7 (1 July 1930), p. 52.

 http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2948710276

(8) Victorian Heritage Database https://vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/places/201973 
(9) John Hemmings - see various articles in my Trove list, here.
(10) Dandenong Journal, June 5, 1930, see here.

(11) Table Talk, July 10, 1930, see here.

(12) Ibid

(13) Ibid

(14) Victorian Heritage Database https://vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/places/201973 

(15) World Scout Jamboree, Frankston 1935 - the State Library of Victoria has digitised the official programme, access it here http://handle.slv.vic.gov.au/10381/132768

(16) Dandenong Journal, January 10, 1935, see here.

(17) Ibid

(18) Ibid

(19) The University Archives have this photograph dated January 7, 1933; but if the Dandenong Journal article of January 10, 1935 (as quoted) about the trip the Scouts from the World Jamboree to Dandenong is correct, then this photo must be from 1935.

(20) Just found this application from Miss Armytage to the Berwick Shire Council to plant the Avenue of Honour -

Dandenong Journal July 25, 1929, https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/201028111

Penny Harris Jennings has researched the men from the Beaconsfield Avenue of Honour; read it here  - https://beaconsfield.org.au/beaconsfield-avenue-of-honour/

(21) Ada Armytage - see various articles in my Trove list, here. her only surviving next of kin were listed in the Dandenong Journal of March 20, 1940 (see here) as - Charles Norman Learmonth Armytage (brother); Leila Christina Armytage, Constance Caroline Fitzpatrick (sisters); Doris Mostyn Armytage (niece), and Gerald Mostyn Armytage and John Mostyn Armytage (nephews).

This is an expanded version of  a post, which I wrote and researched, which appears on my work blog, Casey Cardinia Links to our Past.

Carrum Downs - a short history

Carrum Downs grew out of a 1908 sub-division of a sheep run, which created many small farms and that year the Mornington and Dromana Standard published this glowing report of the area - 

The Downs, Carrum.

This portion of Carrum has made great strides as an agricultural district. The area is dotted with residences, and improvements in the properties are plainly evidenced as one passes along. There are sixteen miles of new fencing, and two thousand pounds worth of new residences have been erected. There are new settlers on the Downs and their families total 50 persons. A school has been promised by the Education Department, to be situated on Frankston road, and about 30 children are awaiting erection.

400 acres of virgin soil have been ploughed and cultivated, and the farmers are perfectly satisfied as to the quality of the soil, and are growing oats, onions, and potatoes. The crops around about are promising to be heavy; in some cases cattle have to be put on to eat down the growing stuff. 
The owner of the Carrum Downs estate has generously given a block of land for the school.

As showing the profit to be made out of milk, a Carrum dairyman has made £10 per head (in the last five months), with his cows, selling the best milk. Another farmer recently had a cow met with an accident, and she had to be slung. Then she made £6 for milk in seven weeks. Some smart ploughing has been done by Mr John McCoombe, of Carrum, who ploughed 35 acres with two teams in five days. (1). 

Twenty years later, in 1929, the Dandenong Journal, published the following report which suggested that perhaps the early days were not so rosy -

A little over 20 years ago this prosperous little district, situated between Dandenong and Frankston, was a sheep run, infested with rabbits, and guiltless of a decent road. About this time it was taken over by a city firm, surveyed and divided into various sized farms, and sold to several people for very high prices. Most of the new settlers had no previous experience of farming, but they paid deposits and took possession of their new purchases with more hope in their hearts than cash in their pockets. The result with these was inevitable. 

After fencing their properties and building homes, funds had shrunk to the vanishing point, and although enthusiasm is a beautiful asset to start with, it is no good for buying cows and paying further instalments on the land. Therefore, vacant houses and mortgagees’ land ornamented Carrum Downs for a time. Gradually, however, the right class of people began to arrive, who built sheds and bought dairy herds. 

A school was erected, roads were made, and a post office opened. Motor buses now come through the district, taking the milk to the city and suburbs for distribution. About three years ago some energetic residents set to work to get a telephone service. The matter seemed quite hopeless at first, but eventually success crowned their efforts, and Carrum Downs now boasts a telephone exchange at the post office, with branch lines to many farm houses.

A public hall is now the ambition of those worthy people, who have an insatiable thirst for improvements. A strong committee, with Cr. Fairbairn, of Cranbourne Council, as president, has completed the financial arrangements, and its success is assured. A hall will be a great boon to the district. Church services will be held there, instead of in the school room, also socials and various other amusements to add to the content of the rising generation, and perhaps cheer them on to greater efforts in the cowshed, etc.  

When the hall is an accomplished fact, a movement will be set on foot to get electric lighting in the homes. With all these improvements, who shall say we are not a progressive people? It has been a matter of immense satisfaction to older residents to see this once rough, virgin land transformed into a fine looking dairying district, with comfortable farm houses and well dressed men, women and children journeying back and forth on business or pleasure in their own motor cars. (2).

The first school at Carrum Downs, No. 3613,  opened on March 22, 1909 in a house owned by Mrs Blades. This school was soon over-crowded and a purpose built school opened on Frankston-Dandenong Road on September 11, 1911. The head Teacher, Evelyn McIntire was in charge of  sixty students. Growth in the area was steady until 1960 when the school population rose to 100 and two more rooms were added. (3).

Overcrowding in the original school.

Mornington and Dromana Standard May 7, 1910 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article70087474 

The Carrum Downs Memorial Hall was opened, by Cr Taylor, the Cranbourne Shire President, with a ball on Wednesday, May 21 1930. The Dandenong Journal reported that - 
Cr. Taylor said that it was a pleasing duty for him to perform, especially as it was a memorial to fallen soldiers, as too much could not be done to keep green the memory of those gallant boys who had given their all for their country, and who had done far more to put Australia on the map than all the politicians' propaganda, or overseas conferences put together. Following is the list of names of soldiers who enlisted in the district, and had made the supreme sacrifice (J.P. Chittenden, L. Matheson, J. Kershaw, W.W. Crabtree, R. Scrivener) (4) were to be engraved on a suitable tablet erected in the hall, and dedicated at a memorial service, of some such function held at a future date. He had much pleasure in declaring the hall opened, and hoped that it would prove a great acquisition to the social life of the district. (5). 

It appears that a suitable tablet was not installed in the Hall until 1950 when an Honour Board listing the names of the First and Second World War soldiers was unveiled on March 12 by Lieutenant-Colonel Ryan.(6).

Opening of the Carrum Downs Memorial Hall

Frankston and Somerville Standard  May 17, 1930  http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article73516919

Historically, the township of Carrum Downs was always split between the Shire of Frankston and Hastings and the Shire of Cranbourne - Frankston Dandenong Road being the boundary - the School was on the Shire of Frankston and Hastings side;  the Memorial Hall was on the Cranbourne Shire side as was the Recreation Reserve in Wedge Road and the Scout Hall. (7).  This led the community to feeling neglected by both Shires and in 1910  there was a movement to secede from both and go to Dandenong, as the article, below, notes.

Seeking annexation to Dandenong

The Argus, May 20 1910   http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article10857564

However, in 1918, there was a movement to secede from Cranbourne Shire to be entirely in the Frankston and Hastings Shire - 

Advocates and opponents of the proposal to sever Carrum Downs from Cranbourne shire and annex it to Frankston shire argued their cause at a deputation to the Minister of Public Works yesterday. The petitioners for the severance contended that Seaford and Carrum stations, which were in Frankston shire, were the natural outlets for produce from Carrum Downs, and much nearer their farms than Cranbourne or Dandenong stations. Frankston shire was willing to take in Carrum Downs, but would not improve the roads to Seaford and Carrum stations for the benefit of the petitioners unless the annexation was brought about. Cranbourne shire protested against the proposal on the ground that the petitioners represented neither a majority in acreage nor valuation in Carrum Downs. Mr. Robinson promised to reflect on the matter and advise the petitioners in due course of his decision. (8). Nothing came of these severance movements. 

Around April 1935, the Brotherhood of St Laurence (9) established a settlement for unemployed people on 45 acres (10) in Carrum Downs. The land was funded by Melbourne businessman, Mr G.J. Coles, the founder of Coles' chain of stores (11). The founder of the Brotherhood, Father Gerard Tucker (1885-1974) believed there needed to be an alternative to being unemployed and subsequent slum living conditions in the inner cities. On this farm -

One-acre blocks are to be allotted to single men at a rental of 6d a week after the first six months with community housing. Men who work their blocks successfully will be given five-acre blocks later at a rental of 2/6 a week. For married men with families in comfortable house and land are provided for 5/ a week. (12). 

Father Tucker explained the operation of the settlement in 1935 -
The scheme did not set out to deal with "all and sundry," but to help the better class of unemployed to help themselves. "Even the best type of man, if left to fend for himself when he is unemployed, tends to drift into the great army of unemployables," Father Tucker continued, "Our settlement scheme aims at taking him away from the overstocked labor market, and at making him, as far as possible, self-supporting. There would no great object in finding a job for him in the city, for that would mean displacing someone else from employment; our aim is to give him the new job of working for himself.

Under the scheme unemployed men, carefully selected, were taken from the city-slum areas, where they were required to pay about 15/ a week for an desirable house, and settled in a comfortable house, with a rental of only 5/, at the Brotherhood's settlement at Carrum Downs. Here each man was given a block of land, about half an acre, to begin with, and later, if he could make use of it, anything up to five acres, here he could draw vegetables or run poultry, and so gradually become self-supporting. At present eight carefully chosen families were, housed at Carrum Downs, where the Brotherhood also had a farm of about fifty acres for single men. This farm had been opened some four months ago, and within another month or so it was hoped to give each man a hut, a block of land, and stock of his own. Then as each man was started out on his own, his place on the farm would be taken by other unemployed single men."  (13).

The Settlement was officially opened on October 5, 1935 by Francis Marriott, M.H.R., who was also the Secretary of Toc H Movement (14). 

To support the families the Carrum Downs Truby King Infant Welfare Centre was opened in the settlement on April 14, 1945. The Dandenong Journal reported that - 

Mr. Martin has given the building in memory of his late wife. Dr. Vera Scantlebury Brown and Mr.

Martin both spoke and expressed the hope that the building would serve a useful purpose for the mothers and babes of the district for many years to come. (15). 

 However, after the Second World War the focus of the settlement changed from the young families and the unemployed to the Elderly. 

The book - The Carrum Downs story: an account of the Brotherhood of St. Laurence village settlement for elderly people at Carrum Downs notes that - 

Some thirty families lived in modest cottages on the property until the War years, when most of them returned to the city to take advantage of the new employment opportunities.

Towards the end of the war, numbers of elderly people in need of accommodation approached the Brotherhood, and it was decided to build some small cottages for elderly people at Carrum Downs. The first cottage was completed in October, 1945. (16). 

This cottage was built as a demonstration cottage in the grounds of  St George's Church in Glenferrie Road, Malvern, to raise publicity and support for the scheme. (17). 

On April 27, 1946 the first two bungalows were officially opened at Carrum Downs - The Age reported -

Funds for one of the bungalows, named Thanksgiving Bungalow, were subscribed as a thanksgiving for the safe return of men from the recent war. The second bungalow, financed from a radio station fund, was erected by students of Geelong Grammar School. The bungalows are comfortable and cosy, consisting of a bed-sitting room, bathroom, kitchenette and verandah. They will be occupied by elderly and infirm persons with low incomes. The Geelong Grammar students would eventually build eight bungalows. (18). 

Single cottages at the Brotherhood of St Laurence settlement. 

Photographer: Rose Stereograph Co. State Library of Victoria Image H32492/1625

Croquet Green and Cottages  at the Brotherhood of St Laurence settlement. 

Photographer: Rose Stereograph Co. State Library of Victoria Image H32492/1622

In October 1951, Collins Court was opened at the settlement for the elderly who needed some level of support. One of the residents was Francis Sherbourne, a veteran of the Boer War and World War One, who was interviewed by The Age at the opening of Collins Court - 

"You know, many of us older folk have been finding, it a bit hard to make do, especially since the war, but now Father Tucker and the Brotherhood have solved all that for us," he said.

"Here at Carrum Downs we have everything we want and all we have to pay is two-thirds of our incomes, whatever they may be. Collins Court is for people like myself who cannot manage to do much for themselves. We have our meals in a community dining room and use a common bathroom and laundry," Mr. Sherbourne explained. " Living here is the nearest thing to paradise I can imagine," said 77 -year-old Mr. Francis Sherbourne on Saturday. (19).

Francis Sherbourne, with Father Gerard Tucker (left) and Sir George Knox, M.L.A (right) at the opening of Collins Court at the Brotherhood of St Laurence settlement.

The Age, October 8, 1951 https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/205334014#

A Cottage Hospital was opened on September 10, 1952 at the settlement (20). It was built by members of the Melbourne Junior Chamber of Commerce, the 'Jaycees'. The Herald reported on the Hospital - 

The building of eight squares contains a men's and women's ward, with a self contained flat. It has

proved of splendid service for old people who may need temporary special attention at the settlement without being ill enough to justify removal to a public hospital.

Mr Leslie Perrott. Jnr., was honorary architect, and 166 Melbourne "Jaycees" worked 357 days on

the building. Including furnishings, the nominal cost was £3714. Of this amount £429/14/ was provided in cash donations, and £1577 in donations of materials. The work given free was valued at £1272. (21).

Cottage Hospital, Brotherhood of St Laurence settlement.

Photographer: Rose Stereograph Co. State Library of Victoria Image H32492/1619

By 1952,  the settlement housed 80 elderly people (22). From the 1980s the old cottages were redeveloped. Footnote 23  has a link to a time-line of the Settlement at Carrum Downs.

From the 1970s the farms of Carrum Downs began being sub-divided into housing estates, an early one being the Botany Park 80 Estate. The 730 acre site was purchased in late 1972, the first housing block being sold in 1976. There were 1,400 blocks of land with a minimum size of 650 square metres. In 1977 they ranged in price from $13,500 to $17,000 and house and land packages could be purchased from $38,000 to $47,000, the house size being around 14 squares. (24).

The Botany Park 80 Housing Estate 

The Age, April 22, 1977, p. 23 newspapers.com

The Botany Park 80 Housing Estate. I have added the road names in red.

The Age, April 22, 1977, p. 23 newspapers.com

The Pinehurst, available for $44, 250 in the Botany Park 80 estate.

The Age, April 22, 1977, p. 23 newspapers.com

In common with some of the other towns in the old Shire of Cranbourne - Cranbourne, Hampton Park, Lyndhurst and now increasingly Clyde - Carrum Downs is now really a suburb of Melbourne and houses have taken over the farms. 

Trove list - I have created a list of articles, relating to this post, access it here. 

Footnotes

(1) Mornington & Dromana Standard, August 22, 1908, see here.

(2) Dandenong Journal, April 4, 1929, see here.

(3) Vision and Realisation : a centenary history of State Education in Victoria, edited by L.J. Blake. Published by the Education Department of Victoria, 1973.

(4) The Honour Board installed in 1950 (see Footnote 6) lists 12 World War Soldiers - 

John Phillip Chittenden (Service Number 5670)

William Wordsworth Crabtree (SN 4774)

H. Davies, most likely Harry Alexander Davey (SN 2302)

Stewart James Forbes (SN 712)

Guy Griffiths (SN 725)

John Kershaw (Lieutenant)

L. Mathewson, most likely Alexander Mathewson (SN 2871)

Leslie Thomas Mathewson (name listed as Matheson in the 1930 report of the Memorial Hall opening)  - no record at the National Archives, but on the Roll of Honour at the Australian War Memorial, died 29/7/1915

Robert Scrivener (SN 825)

G. Taylor, most likely Ernest Taylor (SN 2461)

Albert Edward Temple M.M. (SN 1128)

Sydney Vialls (SN 2222). 

(5) Dandenong Journal, May 29, 1930, see here.

(6) Dandenong Journal, March 22, 1950, see here. There is a photograph of the Honour Board at Monument Australia https://monumentaustralia.org.au/display/107588-carrum-downs-roll-of-honour 

(7)  The Shire of Frankston and Hastings was split into two in 1960. The Shire of Frankston became the City of Frankston in 1966. The Shire of Hastings was amalgamated into the Mornington Peninsula Shire in 1994. After the 1994 Council amalgamations all of Carrum Downs was consolidated into the City of Frankston. (Source: Victorian Municipal Directory and the Melway Street Directories)

(8) The Age, May 22 1918, see here.

(9) Brotherhood of St Laurence - http://bsltimeline.pbworks.com/   Gerard Kennedy Tucker - Australian Dictionary of Biography entry https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/tucker-gerard-kennedy-9259

(10) The land size is listed as 45 acres or 100 acres in the newspaper reports; the Cranbourne Shire Rate books list the property in 1936/1937 as 2 parcels of land - one 12 acres and one 28 acres - thus 40 acres.

(11) George James Coles (1885-1977) Australian Dictionary of Biography entry https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/coles-sir-george-james-9788  

(12) The Argus, May 4, 1935, see here.

(13) The Age, August 9, 1935, see here.

(14) Opening report, The Age October 7, 1935, see here; Toc H - https://www.toch.org.au/

(15) Dandenong Journal, April 25, 1945, see here.

(16) The Carrum Downs story : an account of the Brotherhood of St. Laurence village settlement for elderly people at Carrum Downs, Victoria. Published in 1957. On-line at the State Library of Victoria, http://handle.slv.vic.gov.au/10381/213028 

(17) The Argus, November 1, 1945, see here.

(18) The Age, April 29, 1946, see here.

(19) The Age, October 8, 1951, see here.

(20) The Herald, September 8, 1952, see here.

(21) The Herald, April 17, 1953, see here.

(22) The Age, August 14, 1952, see here.

(23) Brotherhood of St Laurence Settlement at Carrum  timeline here  

(24) The Age, April 22, 1977, p. 23 on newspapers.com

This is an expanded version of a post I wrote in 2014 on Carrum Downs on my work blog, Casey Cardinia Links to our Past.