The Country Roads Board was established in 1913 to maintain major roads in Victoria. Previous to this all roads were the responsibility of the local councils. The Public Records Office has digitised much of the CRB's photographic collection, you can access them here. This post shows the Princes Highway photos from the old Shire of Berwick area; the South Gippsland Highway photographs from the old Shire of Cranbourne area can be seen here.
With the ebb and flow of time, a little of Victoria's jettisoned past has washed up upon my desk: a discarded photo, a worn postcard, or a fading newspaper. Their long forgotten characters now retell their stories in a digital sampling, post by post. Their voices are my blog's vignettes. Researched and written by Heather Arnold.
Sunday, December 7, 2025
Country Roads Board photographs - Princes Highway
Country Roads Board photographs - South Gippsland Highway
The Country Roads Board was established in 1913 to maintain major roads in Victoria. Previous to this all roads were the responsibility of the local councils. The Public Records Office has digitised much of the CRB's photographic collection, you can access them here. This post shows the South Gippsland Highway photographs from the old Shire of Cranbourne area; the Princes Highway photos from the old Shire of Berwick area, can be seen here.
CRB's photographic collection can be accessed here. This post shows the South Gippsland Highway photographs from the old Shire of Cranbourne area; the Princes Highway photos from the old Shire of Berwick area, can be seen here.
This post, which I compiled, first appeared on my work blog Casey Cardinia Links to our Past.
Thursday, November 20, 2025
Hilda Emery (nee Penny) of Cheltenham and Cora Lynn
The Koo Wee Rup Sun in July 1932 had the following short obituary of Mrs Hilda Emery of Cora Lynn. Mrs Emery was buried at the Cheltenham Pioneer Cemetery, where generations of her family and her husband's family are also buried.
Hilda Eleanor Emery was born in Cheltenham on March 22, 1888 to Edwin Thomas Penny and his wife Sarah Ann (nee Coleman). (1) Sarah's father, William, built the Bridge Hotel, in Mordialloc in the early 1860s. William Coleman, who died in 1878 and his wife Mary Ann (nee Chapman) who died in 1872 are buried at the Cheltenham Pioneer Cemetery (2)
Edwin's parents, Thomas and Henrietta Penny, had taken up land in Cheltenham in 1852. As noted by local historian Graham Whitehead, they had settled on ten acres of land on Bay Road (later the address was noted as Jack Road) Cheltenham. There Thomas set about clearing the land of scrub, wattle and gum trees to create an orchard and engage in market gardening. Three acres of the land was devoted to fruit trees with the remaining arable land being given over to vegetables. After the death of his father on May 26, 1866 Edwin took over the 10 acres of freehold land on the east side of Jack Road. He was about 17 years of age. Later he purchased or leased more land. Shire of Moorabbin Rate Records reveal an additional seven acres in Jack Road, the ownership of 5 acres in Barkly Street Mentone (later renamed Rogers Street) and the lease from the Mercantile Bank of 18 ½ acres in Tulip Road (later renamed Park Road) He also purchased land in Coape Street Cheltenham. When in 1915 presenting as a witness to a Royal Commission into fruit and vegetable growing Penny was asked by the chairman how much land he worked. He replied ‘about 25 acres’. (3)Edwin and Sarah had married on September 7, 1876 and Hilda was their seventh and last child and their only daughter - her brothers, as listed on her birth certificate, were Albert Edwin, aged 9; Percival Thomas, dec.; Lytton William aged 7; Reubin Ernest, aged 6; Edwin Clarence, aged 4 and Clifford Frederick, aged 2. (4) Sadly for the family, Sarah died on July 17, 1890 aged only 35 and is buried at Cheltenham Pioneer Cemetery. (5)
Edwin remarried the next year to Emily Haselgrove and they had two sons, Leslie and Robert, so Hilda was still the only girl in the family. (6) Edwin was very involved in the community including the Cheltenham Church of Christ and the Sons of Temperance Friendly Society. He was also a Shire of Moorabbin Councillor and the Shire President from 1898 until 1900. (7) Edwin died on December 9, 1916 and is buried in the same grave as Sarah, their infant son Percival and his second wife, Emily. Edwin's parents - Thomas who had died in 1866 and Henrietta on June 3, 1888 - are also buried in the Cheltenham Pioneer Cemetery. (8) As a matter of interest, the area known as Pennydale in Cheltenham is named for Edwin Penny. (9)
In November 1897, Hilda had a narrow escape from death and this graphic report is from the Caulfield and Elsternwick Leader -A daughter of Cr. E. T. Penny, the popular South riding representative in the shire of Moorabbin, narrowly escaped a horrible death by burning about a week ago. It appears that Cr Penny, who resides at Cheltenham, told one of his boys to burn the handle out of an axe, and in order to do so the little fellow lit a fire in the yard. The girl, who is about ten years of age, must have approached too close to the flames, when her clothes caught fire. Hearing a scream Cr Penny rushed in the direction from which it came, and was horrified to see his daughter almost enveloped in a mass of flames. There was nothing at hand to wrap around her and the father at once set to work to beat the flames out with his hands, the girl meanwhile guarding her face with her hands. With commendable presence of mind the young lad ran into the house and brought out a tablecloth which he wrapped around his sister and his father's hands. By this means the flames were extinguished, but Cr Penny had sustained terrible injuries to his hands, the palms being literally roasted, the only portions which escaped being the tips of two or three fingers.
Assistance was obtained and the girl was taken into the house and attended to. It was found that beyond a few burns on the hands and arms she had escaped serious injury, and is now, we are happy to say, on the road to recovery. Cr Penny's injuries, however, were of a much more serious nature, and it will be a long time before he is able to use his hands again. He asserts that he could feel his flesh roasting and his sufferings afterwards were simply intense.....Singular to say, Cr Penny had intended going into a paddock some distance away to effect some repairs, but sat down and decided to wait for dinner. But for this fortunate circumstance his daughter must have been burnt to death because there was no one else handy to render assistance. (10)
When Hilda was 24, she married 26 year old Robert John 'Jack' Emery, a market gardener of Warren Road, Mordialloc. The wedding took place on October 5, 1912 at the Christian Chapel in Cheltenham. Jack, born on May 19, 1886, was the third and last child of Charles Joseph Hicklin Emery and his wife Esther Eliza (nee Nunn) - his brother Charles was born in 1880 and his sister Esther in 1883 - all in Ballarat. His father Charles, was a compositor and worked for the Ballarat Courier. However, at some time and certainly by 1903 the Emery family moved from Ballarat to Keys Road, South Brighton (Moorabbin), where Charles had a career change and became a market gardener. This move was no doubt influenced by the fact that Esther had came from South Brighton, in fact she had married Charles at St Matthews Church of England at Cheltenham in 1879 and her parents, James and Sarah Nunn operated a market garden in Cheltenham Road, South Brighton. James and Sarah Nunn, who both died in 1904, are buried at the Cheltenham Pioneer Cemetery. (11)
Hilda and Jack began their married life in Mitchell Street in Mentone, but sometime around 1920 they moved to Lower Dandenong Road in Mentone. By then, they had two children - Charles, born August 15, 1915 and Nancy, born March 14, 1917. (12) In 1922, Robert and Hilda purchased 95 acres on Eight Mile Road, Cora Lynn, on the Koo Wee Rup Swamp. The children, who had been at Mordialloc North State School, transferred to Cora Lynn State School (13). Jack's parents, Charles and Esther also moved to the Eight Mile Road property, which they named Agricola. Agricola was sheep farm (14) and their sales of lambs were listed in newspaper reports of livestock sales at Newmarket. Sheep farming was unusual for the Koo Wee Rup Swamp; most of the neighbouring farms would have been dairy farms.
I assume that after young Charles left school in 1929, he worked on the family farm with his father and grandfather. Nancy, who finished school in 1931, worked for a few years as the sewing mistress at Cora Lynn State School from April 1936 until May 1938. The Inspector's report described her as conscientious. A sewing mistress did teach sewing, but in small one-teacher schools such as Cora Lynn, they would often give lessons to the younger children. Nancy's time at school as a sewing mistress overlapped with the time that my aunts Nancy and Dorothy Rouse and my uncle Jim Rouse were at the school, so she would have likely have taught Dorothy and Jim, but possibly not my aunty Nancy, who left in 1937 (15)
I wondered what involvement the Emery family had with the local community - young Charles is mentioned in the playing list for the Bayles Football team (Bayles is the town next to Cora Lynn). Nancy was the Honorary Secretary of the Cora Lynn Red Cross when they held a ball to raise money for the victims of the 1939 Bush Fires. (16)
Whilst they were living at Cora Lynn, Esther died on October 16, 1928 at Pakenham, aged 75; and then Hilda passed away on July 10, 1932, aged only 44; and finally Charles (Esther's husband) died on August 17, 1939 at the Melbourne Benevolent Asylum at Cheltenham, aged 83. Esther and Charles are buried together at the Cheltenham Pioneer Cemetery, with their daughter Esther who had died in 1899 at 15 years of age old. Hilda is in a separate grave at the same cemetery. (17)
Two happy events took place in 1939 - the marriage of Jack and Hilda's two children - Charles and Nancy. Nancy was married on August 19 (two days after her grandfather died) to local Cora Lynn man, Leonard Leslie Donnelly, at St George's Church of England in Koo Wee Rup. They initially lived in Bayles, but later moved to Maffra. (18) Ten days after Nancy married, Charles was married on August 29, his bride was Beryl Muriel Green of Yallock, and the marriage took place at the Church of Christ in Oakleigh. (19)
In 1940, Jack Emery sold the Eight Mile property and moved to Main Road, Clematis. Jack was living there with his wife Kathleen (whom he married in 1934), and Charles and Beryl. Jack and Charles are listed in the Electoral Roll as market gardeners. They were still in Clematis in 1949, but in the 1954 Electoral rolls, Charles and Beryl had a market garden in Heatherton Road in Clayton. (20)
When Jack died on November 19, 1953 at the age of 67, he was living at 24 Gadd Street in South Oakleigh. (21) He was cremated at Springvale Crematorium and for some reason not buried with Hilda in her unmarked grave at Cheltenham Pioneer Cemetery.
I realise there are many names and dates in this post, but just to summarise the Cheltenham Cemetery burials - Hilda Emery (nee Penny) is buried there, as are her parents Edwin and Sarah (nee Coleman) Penny and both sets of grandparents - Thomas and Henrietta Penny and William and Mary Ann Coleman. Hilda's husband, Jack Emery is not at Cheltenham but his parents, Charles and Esther (nee Nunn) Emery are, as are his maternal grandparents - James and Sarah Nunn.
The Penny family and the Emery family represent a time when families, through intensive market gardening, could make a living on what would now be considered very small farms. They also represent a time when Cheltenham, Mordialloc and surrounding areas were close-knit communities of farmers, intermarrying with other local families; it is almost hard to imagine this landscape now as these farms are covered in houses, shops and other businesses.
Footnotes(1) Hilda's Birth certificate.
(3) Whitehead, Graham Edwin Thomas Penny: Councillor, Orchardist and Pioneer https://localhistory.kingston.vic.gov.au/articles/653
(4) Marriage notice in The Argus, September 9, 1876, see here; Hilda's birth certificate.
(5) Friends of Cheltenham and Regional cemeteries database - https://www.focrc.org/
(6) Whitehead, Graham Edwin Thomas Penny: Councillor, Orchardist and Pioneer https://localhistory.kingston.vic.gov.au/articles/653
Wednesday, November 5, 2025
Newport Mechanics' Institute - a short history
With the assistance of the Williamstown City Council, a fine building has now been completed on the reserve, and was officially opened today. Incorporated in it is a public reading room, subscriber’s library, children's free library, and reference library, together with a small hall.
The building, which is of concrete, was designed by Mr J. W. Parry, architect, and was erected under the supervision of Mr H. Rose, Williamstown City Engineer. Complete with all appointments, the total cost is estimated at more than £2000. The institute's committee of management is: - Cr. W. Roberts, president; Messrs G. Young, J. Carroll, J. Adam, G. Paine, S. Wookey, Cr. W. H. McDonald and Mr L. J. Harrigan, who is honorary secretary.
In the comprehensive Williamstown Advertiser report of the opening of the building, published on July 13, 1935 (see here) they noted an Honor Board was unveiled and also provided a description of the building -
It was fitting that the honor board should be unveiled by the member of the third generation of the family of Mr. J. Harrigan. The site of the building was once overlooked by the house of Mr. Michael
Durkin, another of the trustees, and the foundation stone of the building was provided by an ex-mayor of Williamstown, the late Mr. Bliss. Mr. Harrigan’s little daughter, the grand-daughter of the original trustee, then unveiled the honor board, the inscription on which read as follows: ‘'This tablet was erected in 1935 by the committee of management, in commemoration of Samuel Rowley Peel (1830-1900), James Dickson (1883-1898), James Styles (1841-1913 ), George Paine (1833-1913), James Horsley (1817-1886), and Michael Durkin, who were appointed in 1886 as the first trustees of the Newport Mechanics’ Institute.
Long Deferred Hopes. History of Newport Movement. Mechanics’ Institute and Free Library Proposal.
Speaking at a public meeting at Newport on Monday evening Mr. L. J. Harrigan said:— “In outlining the history of the movement to establish a Mechanics’ Institute and Free Library at Newport from its inception in 1886 to the present day, the fact must be emphasised that a period of nearly 48 years is covered, disclosing a series of blighted efforts and unrealized hopes for the promotion of the welfare of the community. In February 1886, inquiries were made of the Lands Department, on behalf of the residents of Newport, for the reservation of certain land in Mason street as a site for a Mechanics’ Institute and Free Library. In March 1886, acting on the advice of the Secretary for Lands, a meeting of the Newport residents nominated five trustees, and their names were duly gazetted, and the site definitely reserved for the purpose, on March 26, 1886. The trustees were: James Dickson, James Horsley, George Paine, Samuel Rawley Peel, and James Styles.
Money Received and Broken Promises.
The first recorded meeting was held at Grindlay’s Hotel (now the Junction Hotel) on April 26, 1886. A general committee was elected, consisting of the usual officers. Mr. S. R. Peel, foreman of the Newport workshops, was the first president, Mr. James Styles, of the Strand, was treasurer, and Mr. John McCraith, station master at Newport, the secretary. A set of rules for the Institute was drawn up by a special committee and later adopted. Less than one month after the first meeting, Mr. Horsley, one of the trustees, died, and his place was filled by Mr. Michael Durkin (after whom Durkin street is named), one of the very early residents of the district. The committee was very active during 1886, and Mr. J. E. Harrigan was, in November of that year, elected secretary in place of Mr. McCraith, who had left the town. Various ways and means were discussed for raising funds with which to erect the Institute, and a sum of £60/8/6 was received in donations. Meetings were continued at fairly regular intervals during 1887, and efforts were made to achieve the object of a Mechanics’ Institute. Plans for a building, submitted by a Mr. Jones, a Melbourne architect, had been selected, but lack of funds prevented the work being proceeded with. At June 30, 1887, a balance of £53/11/ was on deposit in the Commercial Bank. Promised financial support never materialized, and this is ubstantiated by the fact that over £210 was listed on subscription sheets, but only the £60 mentioned beforehand was received.
Incident of Bank Failures in Land Boom.
From August 26, 1887, to January 9, 1893, research has disclosed no record of any active interest in the matter, but tradition mentions unsuccessful attempts to stimulate public support. On January 9, 1893, at the offices of the now defunct Newport Gas Company, a revival was brought about, but no definite results ventuated. During the period of the early ’nineties history records the financial upheaval and depression which came as the aftermath of what is known as the “Land Boom,” and which probably accounts for the lack of success in the attempts to erect the Mechanics’ Institute. Among several banks which failed at the time was the Commercial Bank of Australia, in which the Institute funds were on deposit. On the reconstruction of this Bank, six £10 preference shares, of a face value of £60, were allotted on behalf of the Newport Mechanics’ Institute on May 1, 1893. These shares were listed in the names of James Dickson, James Edward Harrigan, George Paine, and Samuel Rawley Peel. The shares are still in existence at the present time, 40 years after, and their accumulated dividends have considerably increased the funds of the Institute.
Flux and Re-Flux.
From the attempted revival in 1893, no progress was made, and interest again lapsed. More than seven years passed before any further action of note was taken. In this period, the discovery of the Coolgardie and Kalgoorlie goldfields in Western Australia caused a general exodus of Victorians to those locations and, no doubt, many residents of this district were included, thus being the probable cause of some loss of support for the Institute. On November 19, 1900, a meeting was held, and nine new trustees for the site were appointed. A new committee was elected, and Mr. J. E. Harrigan re-appointed secretary. On February 7, 1901, a public meeting was held in the Jubilee Hall (where the Salvation Army Hall now stands) in North road, at which the mayor of Williamstown (Cr. George Bevis) presided. Subscriptions were solicited at the meeting, and the sum of £20/9/ was promised, but only £3/3/ was actually received. During the course of the next few months, further donations were acknowledged from well-wishers in other districts, and two or three entertainments brought in small sums, the combined results adding £16/8/6 to the funds of the Institute.
At this time, the Lands Department had been endeavoring to revoke the reservation of the site, but strenuous efforts made by Mr. Harrigan and Crs. W. E. Treganowan and H. J. Carter prevented such action. At one stage, the land had actually been sold by the Department, as it was claimed that the site was not being used for the purpose for which it had been granted. Also, by this time, 15 years after the inauguration of the Newport Mechanics’ Institute movement, death had removed many of the active members of the original trustees and committee, and others had left the district.
Despite the election of new trustees and committee, no practical action was taken. Perhaps the events of the time exerted a depressing influence. The Boer War was in progress, and the death of Queen Victoria in January, 1901, reacted against the Institute by causing a postponement of the public meeting from January 31 to February 7, as mentioned. It is sufficient to state that the Newport Mechanics’ Institute and Free Library again passed into obscurity.
Mr. Lemmon’s Activity.
Another ten years passed. Early in 1912, the Lands Department again attempted to revoke the reservation of the site, desiring to make a sale, as the land was not being applied to the use for which it was allotted. Mr. John Lemmon, M.L.A., in conjunction with Mr. Harrigan, was successful in retaining the site for the citizens. In March, 1912, a new group of five trustees was appointed by a public meeting, and later officially gazetted. Their names were: Cornelius Bishop, J. P. Carroll, R. H. Drew, Rowland Walker, and W. G. N. Young. At present, only Messrs. Carroll and Young remain, the other three gentlemen being dead.
About this time, the Newport Progress Association joined forces with the trustees and the remnants of the committees in the hope of bringing about the desired result. In 1913, after strenuous efforts, the site was fenced by a working bee of local enthusiasts. A sum of £14/14/3 was raised for the purpose by public subscription, and the Williamstown Town Council donated £15, enabling the cost of £29 to be paid without further anxiety to the committee.
On July 5, 1917, the mayor of Williamstown (Cr. H. J. Neal) presided at a public meeting in the Masonic Hall, Newport, and which was attended by Mr. Lemmon, M.L.A. A new committee was appointed to consider ways and means of raising sufficient funds with which to commence the building of the Institute, and to report to a future meeting. Such meeting never eventuated, and sixteen years passed by without further action in so far as the actual objective of the Newport Mechanics’ Institute was concerned.
Mr. Harrigan's Splendid Pertinacity.
In March, 1931, Mr. Harrigan again successfully intervened against the Lands Department’s suggestion that, as forty-five years had passed after the original reservation, and the land was not being used for the purpose for which it was granted, it be offered for sale by public auction. At this stage, a record must be made of the services rendered to the citizens by Mr. Lemmon, M.L.A., for it was only by his strenuous support of Mr. Harrigan that the site still remains available for public use. And thus 1933 is reached, and the purpose now is to detail a statement of the Institute funds in the Commercial Bank, and to give citizens an opportunity to express their wishes as to how this money shall be applied. These funds consist of the six £10 preference shares already mentioned, together with an accumulation of share dividends, deposits of additional small donations, etc., and interest. For many years, Mr. Harrigan was the sole surviving member of the four in whose names the shares were allotted. Messrs. Dickson and Peel died about 1901, and Mr. Paine died some years later.
With the passing of time, Mr. Harrigan desired to be relieved of the guardianship of the fund on account of his advancing age, and failing health, but he was unsuccessful in this regard, though he was approached on many occasions with suggestions to apply the funds to some other public scheme or organization. There existed, however, no authority for such action, and the necessary proceedings to obtain such authority were not taken by those interested.
Sole Survivor’s Demise.
After the death of Mr. Harrigan in December 1932, his family communicated with the Attorney-General and placed the subject of the Institute funds under that Minister’s jurisdiction. After lengthy consideration and enquiry, the Attorney-General instructed the representative of Mr. Harrigan’s family that an opportunity be given the site trustees to proceed with the erection of the Mechanics’ Institute. From this direction has eventuated the public meeting of October 9, 1933. The value of the Institute funds in the Commercial Bank at the present time amounts to £212/14/6, comprising £60 as represented by the six preference shares, and the sum of £152/14/6 in cash.
Remember the Pioneers.
It may be here mentioned that the donors to the original fund, from which the shares were obtained, and which, by its accumulations, constitutes the greater part of the money in the bank, are all now dead. It is to be sincerely hoped that the intentions of those early residents of Newport are not lost sight of, and that their memory may be honored in any action taken by the present generation, for it was their generosity which now places a large sum of money at the disposal of the citizens.
NAME THAT IS ANACHRONISTIC AND UNDEMOCRATIC.
We cannot help thinking that a common mistake is perpetuated in the name “Mechanics’ Institute.” Are we so unimaginative as to be unable to see that the title is a misnomer? - that, descriptive of such a building, it is quite inappropriate? In truth the name has a lineage that is distasteful. In the old world Mechanics’ Institutes were founded by a concession of superior people “for persons of the artizan class,” in order to rescue them from ignorance. By means of approved lectures it was desired that workers - using the word in its narrowest connotation - should be kept on traditional lines of conservative thought and taught the restraints due to their station in life. In other words, such institutes stood for the recognition of a lower class. This is all foreign to the Australian atmosphere. To us, “class” is anathema. We all rank as working citizen - though material possessions are diversified by unequal economic conditions - and an artizan or any kind of worker resents patronage by any man.
How stupid it is, then, to go on speaking of Mechanics’ Institutes where, eligibility to membership has nothing whatever to do with the nature of anyone’s occupation. The People’s Institute would be a simple and literally correct appellation, and certainly one worthy of adoption, in Newport; where mechanics or artizans or manual and brain workers are not a class apart from other denizens of the locality. Mechanics did not by any means monopolise Saturday’s proceedings, and we may be sure that the membership will, embrace people generally, without distinction. It could be wished, therefore, that the democratic fibre of the residents will assert itself in the adoption of a name in which it is implied that equality and fraternity have a comprehensive application.
It was reported on October 17, 1936 in the Williamstown Chronicle (see here) that at a public meeting attended by 200 people - Mr Harrigan's motion that the name be changed from the "Newport Mechanics' Institute and Free Library" to "Newport Public Library" was carried.



































