Sunday, September 15, 2024

Alice Morris (1852-1912) and Sarah McTavish (1860-1923) - buried at Cheltenham Pioneer Cemetery

Alice Morris and Sarah McTavish are buried together in an unmarked grave in the Roman Catholic section at the Cheltenham Pioneer Cemetery. This is the story about their lives and why they were buried together.  

Alice Morris (nee Fryer)

The South Bourke & Morning Journal of November 7, 1912 published the following obituary -
Koo-Wee-Rup - On October 19 Mrs J. Morris passed away at her residence in Cheltenham. She had been an invalid for the last four years, and the cause of death was apoplexy. She received spiritual consolation from Father Quinn. The funeral took place on October 22 in the Cheltenham cemetery. The deceased was highly respected by all and had many friends here, being an old resident of Rossiter road. Her husband predeceased her by many years. She leaves two married daughters, one being Mrs D. McNamara, of this town, and Mrs Scott, of Flynn's Creek. (1)

At the time of her death, Mrs Morris’ residence was the Benevolent Asylum at Cheltenham, and she had been admitted there on September 6, 1907, due to partial paralysis. (2)

Alice Morris, born 1852 (3), was the middle child of the nine children of Peter Fryer and his wife Elizabeth ‘Betsy’ Baker. Peter, was born in Lancaster in 1805. There was a Peter Fryer who born in Lancashire and was convicted on April 7, 1834 and sentenced to seven years transportation. He arrived on the Henry Porcher on January 1, 1835 and received his Ticket of leave in May 1839 and his Ticket of Freedom in November 1843. (4) However, the book Reminiscences of Fryerstown by G.O. Brown notes that he migrated to New South Wales in 1838 at the age of 33 and he was the son of a farmer. I suspect that he did actually arrive as a convict, but like other convicts, later hid that part of his life. Reminiscences of Fryerstown also notes that Peter Fryer set out for Victoria with Horatio Spencer Wills, Mrs Wills and baby, a number of station hands and livestock, including 5000 sheep, two bullock wagons and teams and other carts. They reached the Murray River in May 1840 and eventually reached their destination, Mount William, near Ararat. (5)



Mount William, Peter Fryer's first location in Victoria
Mount William, from Stockyard Hill, 1855. Illustrator: S.T.Gill
State Library of Victoria image H4590

Wills established a sheep station there, named Lexington. (6)  It was at Lexington that Peter Fryer met Betsy Baker and they married at Geelong in a Presbyterian service on March 1, 1842. Their first four children, Elizabeth, Mary, Sarah and Jane were all born at Mount William, between 1842 and 1849.  (7). In 1851 Peter had taken up the lease of Molka Station, and this is where they were living when their other children were born between 1852 and 1863 – Alice, Henry, John, Eugenie and a stillborn baby. (8)

Molka Station consisted of 30,000 acres, on the Goulburn River and its location was sometimes referred to as Longwood and sometimes Murchison. (9) On a modern map, equidistance from Murchison, Euroa and Longwood is a locality called Molka at which a school operated from 1886 until 1907 (10). In May 1857, The Age published a list of station owners and the number of stock they held, as they had to pay the Government a tax on the stock, and Peter Fryer was listed as owning 6,624 sheep.  (11)

The Fryers were living at Molka Station until at least  October1866, however on August 13, 1868 when Peter died the family was living at Floradale House at Kilmore. His short obituary from The Argus of August 21, 1868 tells us another interesting fact about Peter Fryer - The death of Mr. Peter Fryer, whose station gave name to the diggings of Fryer's Creek and the later township of Fryerstown, is reported by a Kilmore paper. Mr. Fryer left the part of the country referred to while it was yet yielding its rich returns, and took up his residence at Molka station, on the Goulburn, where he lived until a couple of years ago. He then purchased the property that he lately occupied at Floradale, and made some extensive improvements, which he did not live to enjoy. (12)

There is no information as to the length of time Peter Fryer was in the area which bears his name, but must have been only about two years (13)


Peter Fryer's estate as listed in Probate papers
Public Records Office of Victoria VPRS 28/P0001, 7/122

His probate papers noted that at the time of his death Peter possessed a considerable estate – he still owned the pre-emptive right section of Molka Station; land at Murchison on which the Punt Hotel (later called the Commercial Hotel) was erected as well as the punt; the Floradale property at Kilmore and 11,000 sheep. (14).  His wife, Elizabeth, died on November 7, 1882 at Kilmore. Her death certificate doesn’t list her parents, but notes her birth place as County Cork, Ireland. (15)

On December 1, 1877 Alice Fryer married 22 year old John Morris in Kilmore. They had five children - Henry (1878, born in Bairnsdale, and died in 1879 aged seven months); John (born and died in Collingwood in 1879; he was only 10 days old); Alice (born in 1880 at Kilmore), Jane (born in 1881 at Kilmore) and Elizabeth (born in December 1883 in Kilmore and died two months later). (16)

Sadly, John Morris died of typhoid on April 22, 1883, so never got to see his last child. His short obituary in the Kilmore Free Press noted - John Morris died at the local Hospital on Sunday. Deceased, who was only 29 years of age was known here for some time was was popular as an obliging driver between Kilmore and the railway station. (17) His death left Alice a widow, having to bring up her two surviving daughters, Alice and Jane, on her own.


 Kilmore Hospital where John Morris passed away at the age of 29.
Kilmore Hospital, c. 1905. Photographer: G.B. Good. 
State Library of Victoria image H2018.482/13

I have no information about where she lived after the death of her husband, although Alice’s obituary states that she was an old resident of  Rossiter Road, Koo Wee Rup, but I can’t trace her time in the town. However, on August 9, 1909, her daughter, 30 year-old Alice married 44 year-old Denis McNamara of Koo Wee Rup, at St Joseph’s Catholic Church in Collingwood.  (18)  Denis was a storekeeper, at the time of their marriage, and in 1915 he built Royal Hotel in Koo Wee Rup, which at the opening was reported to be one of the finest edifices of the kind in Gippsland. It is still standing. (19) 


Rossiter Road, Koo Wee Rup in 1903; it would not have looked much different 
when Alice Morris lived there.
Photo: Koo Wee Rup Swamp Historical Society

Denis had been married before, his first wife, Mary Anne died in October 1905, leaving behind two young children, May and Frank. Denis and Alice had four children together - Alice (1909-1951, married Daniel Parks in 1929); John (1910-1986. He was ordained as a Priest in 1935, was an RAAF Chaplain during the Second World War. His obituary noted that the year of his birth and the year of his death coincided with the appearance of Halley’s Comet); Margaret Frances (1914-2004, married Cecil Ernest Murray, in 1941) and Colleen Josephine (1917-2004, did not marry) (20)


The McNamara Family, c. 1921. 
Standing at back - Alice and May
Seated - Denis with Colleen, Alice (nee Morris) John and Frank. Margaret is at the front.
Photographer:Yeoman & Co. Koo Wee Rup Swamp Historical Society collection.


The other surviving daughter of John and Alice Morris, was Jane. Jane married twice, firstly to Charles Darke in 1903 and after his death to George Scott in 1906. George served in the AIF in World War One; he enlisted at the age of 44, in August 1915 and his address was Hill’s Hotel, Albert Park, and his occupation a farmer, Jane as his next of kin had her address as Koo Wee Rup, more than likely staying with her sister, Alice McNamara. When George was medically discharged in October 1917, their address was 175 Franklin Street, Melbourne. (21)  At the time of his death in October 1927 they were living at Arbinger Street in Richmond. Jane’s death certificate says that she had two children with Charles and four with George and that they were all deceased, which is very sad. The only one I can trace is baby John George Scott, who was born in Foster and died at the age of six months on June 6, 1919. (22)

Jane and her sister, Alice McNamara, by coincidence died on the same day, June 28, 1937. As Alice’s obituary in the Koo Wee Rup Sun of July 1, noted –
On Friday last the deceased received word of the illness of her sister and only relative, Mrs Jane Scott, wife of the late Mr G. Scott (late A.I.F.), of South Melbourne, and she hurried to the city to render what aid she could on her behalf. Leaving her son Frank's suburban residence for the railway station on Monday morning to visit the hospital where her sister was an inmate, the deceased suddenly collapsed in the railway yards and passed to the Great Beyond. Strange to relate, within three hours her sister had joined her in the Great Adventure. (23)

Jane died at the Little Sisters of the Poor in Northcote and was buried at Fawkner Cemetery with George; Alice McNamara is buried with her husband, Denis at Pakenham. (24)

Sarah McTavish (nee Smith)
Alice Morris is buried in the same grave as 62 year old Sarah McTavish, who died August 5, 1923 at the Alfred Hospital. Sarah had been born in Collingwood in 1860 to Edward and Catherine Smith, who had married in Sydney in 1853; Catherine’s maiden name was Hanna, sometimes listed as Hannah. Catherine was 16 at the time of the marriage and Edward was nineteen.  Their other children were John (1855), Rosehannah (1857), Catherine (1864), Thomas (1865), Elizabeth (1866) and Joseph (1868). The last two children were born in Warrnambool and the others in Melbourne. (25)

Sarah married William McTavish on October 4, 1883 at the office of the marriage registrar in Drummond Street, Carlton. William was a 29 year old ships steward, and had been born in Hamilton in Scotland, the son of William and Helen (nee Maitland) McTavish. Sarah was a 22 year old domestic servant. The marriage certificate lists Sarah’s father as a baker; Edward Smith died in 1886. (26)

On February 12, 1891, Sarah’s mother died in tragic circumstances in Collingwood as The Argus reported -
At the Melbourne Hospital on Saturday an inquest was held by Mr. Candler the district coroner on the body of Catherine Smith, who was found by a constable in Islington street, Collingwood, on Thursday evening last. The deceased was resting on the footpath, and on being spoken to was found to be in an insensible condition. She was taken to the Melbourne Hospital, but expired on the way to that institution. (27)

From The Herald report of the Inquest - 
Dr. Walter J. Craig stated that he made a post mortem examination of the body. The body was well nourished. Blood was oozing from a wound in the lower part of the body, and her clothes wore soaked with blood. The cause of death was hemorrhage [sic] from the wound, accelerated by the weak condition of the internal organs.
The Coroner: Was there any evidence to show how the wound was caused ?
Dr. Craig : No, none whatever. Deceased lost a deal of blood.
Mary Loxton, in charge of Dr. Singleton's Night Shelter, Islington street, Collingwood, deposed to being called to see the deceased by a constable, on Thursday night. Recognised the deceased as a widow named Catherine Smith, who had previously slept at the Shelter, some 9 or 10 months since. (28)

From The Argus - 
From inquiries made by the police yesterday, it is now ascertained that the deceased resided with her married daughter, a Mrs. McTavish in Ann street, Williamstown, during the last two months. On Thursday last, the day of her death, she left her daughter's home in Williamstown at 5 p.m. with the intention of visiting some friends in Collingwood. The police were unable to trace where she had been from the time she left home until half past 9 on the same evening, when she was seen by Constable Vickers at the corner of Rupert street and Victoria parade. About an hour and a half afterwards...she was found in Islington street Collingwood, near to Dr. Singleton's Night Shelter. (29)


Was Catherine Smith killed by a serial killer?


A more sinister report was in the The Herald in April 3, 1891. In this article it was reported that the body of an unidentified woman, of the unfortunate class, had been found behind a house in Hoddle Street, Collingwood and she had died from an internal wound in the lower part of the abdomen, from which her life blood had simply flowed away. The report continued –
It is a very remarkable fact that this is the third death of a similar kind during the last 13 months, and this fact would engender the suspicion that an individual of the Jack the Ripper type has been carrying on his horrible and bloody work in Collingwood. It is very remarkable that in the three cases under notice the victims wore women of doubtful character, that the injuries were inflicted on the same parts of their bodies, and that the fatal wounds were received in Collingwood and its vicinity. Of course, it is quite possible that this theory of wilful murder is incorrect, but on the other hand there is strong presumptive evidence that the assassin's hand had been at work. In the previous cases inquests were held, and open verdicts returned. (30)

Later reports identified the third victim as thirty year-old, Rose Sumner (nee McGinty). Rose was married at 17 and the married life of the couple is stated to have been throughout one of misery; it which produced five children and misfortune rapidly proceeded misfortune, her husband was jailed, three children were taken into care, she found employment as a bar maid at a hotel in Collingwood, but was sacked because she was drunk. It appears the next day she met man John Finnegan and her fate was sealed as he inflicted repeated acts of violence upon her, which caused her death. John Finnegan, who lived in Hoddle Street, Collingwood was charged and found guilty of her murder and was initially sentenced to death but this was commuted to life in prison, so Rose did achieve justice of some sort. (31)

Not so for Catherine Smith and the other woman, Jane Johnson, whose body was found on March 6, 1890.  What the newspaper reports did not say, but the Coroner’s report did in Catherine’s case (and that of Jane), was that the wound was in the vagina, but there was no evidence how this was caused. In fact a doctor’s evidence in Catherine’s case was that it was supposed that the deceased fell when trying to get up a stick she carried for support a bad leg inflicting the wound. Dr W. G. Craig's evidence at the inquest was to the effect that the iron ferrule at the bottom of the stick "could have caused the wound." (32)

It was reported that Jane Johnson had fallen on evil times due to drink and dissolute habits and that Catherine had smelt of alcohol and add that to the fact that she had previously stayed at the Night Shelter – it put both these women into the unfortunate class. (33) It seems that these women were not valued and that their deaths which appear to have been of a sadistic sexual nature were not taken seriously. You have to wonder did they also have the misfortune to meet John Finnegan?


Sarah's In Memorial notice for her mother

We know then, due to the reports of her mother’s death, that Sarah and William were living in Williamstown in 1891, the 1890 Sands & McDougall Directory has their address as 52 Ann Street, Williamstown, not surprising given his occupation as a ships steward. In 1892 they inserted the loving In Memorial notice for Catherine and their address was Newport which is just next door to Williamstown. At the time of her death she was a widow and her address was 236 Coventry Street, South Melbourne, which was a lodging house. Once again, I have no other information about their life together and when William died apart from the fact that they had no children. (34)

The connection between Alice and Sarah.
What is the connection between Alice Morris and Sarah McTavish? The grave at the Cheltenham Cemetery was owned by Alice’s daughter, Alice McNamara. Sarah died without a will, and her Probate papers list her assets as £130, which was the balance of the amount paid into the County Court, under the Workers’ Compensation Act for the benefit of the said deceased. This was possibly connected to the death of her husband. 

Sarah's Grant of Administration file notes that it was Alice McNamara who informed the Curator of Estates of Deceased Persons, that Sarah had passed away and that her surviving next of kin were her two nieces, Alice McNamara and Jane Scott. They also inserted a death notice in The Age on August 8, 1923.(35)


Sarah McTavish death notice


If Alice McNamara and Jane Scott were the nieces of Sarah McTavish, then Sarah would have been the  sister of either their father, John Morris or their mother, Alice Fryer.  However Sarah’s father’s surname was Smith and her mother’s surname was Hanna. Sarah may have been a step-sister of half sister to John Morris or Alice Fryer; alternatively Sarah may have been a cousin, or she may have just been a family friend, who was called Aunty. But she must have had some close connection, because Alice McNamara was fond enough of her to allow her to be buried in her mother’s grave at the Cheltenham Pioneer Cemetery.

Trove List - I have created a  short list of articles on Peter Fryer, access it here and on the death of Catherine Smith and Rose Sumner, access it here.

Footnotes
(1) South Bourke & Mornington Journal, September 26, 1912, see here.
(2) Sellers, Travis M. The Melbourne Benevolent Asylum: Haven of Rest (Friends of Cheltenham & Regional cemeteries, 2012)
(3) This is just a guess, as I can't find a reference to her birth in the Indexes to the Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages.
(4) Convict Records from the State Records Authority of New South Wales,  digitised on Ancestry,com
(5) Brown, G.O. Reminiscences of Fryerstown (The Author, 1983). Henry Spencer Wills - Biography - The Argus, March 12, 1921, see here and image here at the State Library of Victoria  http://handle.slv.vic.gov.au/10381/32196   
(6) Billis, R.V. and Kenyon, A.S., Pastoral Pioneers of Port Phillip (Stockland Press, 1974)
(7) Brown, op. cit.;  Peter Fryer/Elizabeth Baker Marriage certificate. Birth of children - Elizabeth, Mary and Jane had their birth registered in 1850, however they were baptised at St Peter's Eastern Hill in Melbourne on April 26, 1850. Their birth place was listed as Mt William, Wimmera; and birth  dates Elizabeth - October 25 1842; Mary - May 25, 1844; Jane - September 13, 1849. Sarah was born in 1847, this is based on her age at death, and her birth was registered in 1856. 
(8) Molka Station - there was an advertisement in The Argus on September 6, 1851 (see here) from Peter Fryer of Mocha [sic] Station about a horse, so he was there then even though Billis & Kenyon (footnote 6) list his arrival at Molka in June 1852. The children born at Molka were - Alice, c. 1852; Henry, birth registered 1856; John Cerdic, c. 1857, I can't find a registration;  Eugenie, c. 1858 and a stillborn daughter born in December 1863 - death notice in The Argus, December 16, 1863, see here. There was a hearing in the Supreme Court regarding Peter Fryer's estate, the notice of which lists the children, see The Argus, June 5, 1876, here.
(9) Billis & Kenyon, op. cit.; see my Trove list, here, for examples of address of property.
(10) Vision and Realisation: a centenary history of State Education in Victoria, edited by L.J. Blake. (Education Department of Victoria, 1973)
(11) The Age, May 12, 1857, see here.
(12) Acquired more land at Molka in 1866 - The Argus, October 9, 1866, see here;  Short obituary - The Argus, August 21, 1868, see here.
(13) G.O. Brown (footnote 5)  regarding Peter Fryer notes that how many years he remained on Fryer's Creek cannot be ascertained.
(14) Peter Fryer, Grant of Probate, Public Records Office of Victoria VPRS 28/P0001, 7/122,   https://prov.vic.gov.au/archive/63F25B19-F1DB-11E9-AE98-DF30C64CA99B?image=1
(15) Elizabeth Fryer, death certificate
(16) I can't find the marriage  on the  Index to Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages, however that is the date and place listed on their daughter Alice's birth certificate. Information about their children from the Index to Victorian  Births, Deaths and Marriages and Elizabeth Morris' 1884 Death certificate.
(17) John Morris death certificate and his short obituary Kilmore Free Press, April 26, 1883, see here.
(18) Alice Morris/ Denis McNamara marriage certificate. 
(19) I have written about the Royal Hotel and the McNamara family here   https://kooweerupswamphistory.blogspot.com/2023/07/royal-hotel-koo-wee-rup-mcnamara-obrien.html
(21) Jane Scott's death certificate; Index to Victorian  Births, Deaths and Marriages. George Scott (SN 3936) First AIF Attestation papers, National Archives of Australia   https://recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRetrieve/Interface/ViewImage.aspx?B=3002962
(22) George Scott Probate papers, Public Records Office of Victoria VPRS 7591/P0002, 217/535   https://prov.vic.gov.au/archive/3CF9A1B8-F567-11E9-AE98-E732DBD8057F?image=1. 
Death certificates - Jane Scott and John George Scott. 
(23) Koo Wee Rup Sun, July 1 1937, p. 1.
(24) Jane Scott death certificate.
(25) Index to Victorian  and New South Wales Births, Deaths and Marriages
(26) Sarah Smith/William McTavish marriage certificate. Edward is buried at the Melbourne General Cemetery with Catherine and son Thomas, who died in 1901. Thomas was a line repairer and was killed when he was hit by a train - The Age, October 21 1901, see here.
(27) The Argus, February 16, 1891, see here.
(28) The Herald, February 14, 1891, see here.
(29) The Argus, February 16, 1891, see here.
(30) The Herald, April 3, 1891, see here.
(31) Misery and Misfortune quotes from The Argus, April 6 1891, see here; Other information from various articles from The Argus, see my  Trove list, here.
(32) Catherine Smith Inquest at Public Records Office of Victoria VPRS 24/P0000, 1891/198 https://prov.vic.gov.au/archive/86609EFA-F1BE-11E9-AE98-031D2D418C25?image=1
(33) The Herald, April 3, 1891, see here.
(34) Sands & McDougall's Melbourne and suburban directory from 1890; Sarah McTavish death certificate. 
(35) Sarah McTavish Grant of Administration at Public Records Office of Victoria VPRS 28/P0003, 190/321
https://prov.vic.gov.au/archive/5C6B6D41-F1F0-11E9-AE98-67A664A7BEAD?image=1

Friday, September 6, 2024

Croydon Mechanics' Institute

The Box Hill Reporter in November 1905 reported on the beginnings of the Croydon Mechanics' Institute -
The Croydon people of late have been considering the matter of establishing a mechanics' institute in their district, and it is probable that in a very short time the project will be carried to a successful issue, judging by the interest the residents are displaying in the matter. At a recent meeting of the Croydon progressive league, a sub-committee was appointed to deal with a site on which to erect the institute. Various sites were considered, but none decided upon, principally on account of their unsuitable position and high price. At a later stage the larger matter of a recreation reserve presented itself, and the committee thought that if land for a sports ground could be secured, the building could be erected on a portion of it. With this object in view two sites were taken into consideration, when one was very favorably received, seeing that the position was so central and suitable, and the price asked for it (£15 an acre) reasonable. On Saturday last the matter was brought before the Lillydale council by a letter from the league, asking the council to assist the residents in their efforts by purchasing for recreation purposes a block on the corner of Oxford road, opposite the Croydon state school, and pointing out that the proceeds from the sale of frontages on this road might be utilised in this direction. After a little discussion the council decided, on the motion of Cr Taylor, to make the matter an order of the day for next council meeting. (1) Oxford Road is now known as Mount Dandenong Road. (2)

Even though Lilydale the town is spelt with three Ls, Lillydale the Shire was spelt with 4 Ls. Cr Taylor, who features in many articles connected to the Mechanics' Institute was Arthur Bertram Taylor, of Meadowbank Farm, Lilydale. He was elected to the South West Riding in 1896 and resigned from Council in November 1909; he was Shire President on two occasions. Arthur was a teacher and had founded Camberwell Grammar School in 1886, and was their first Principal. (3)

As it turned out there protests against the sale of some of the Oxford Road frontage, where it was proposed to reduce the width from 3 chains to one chain. The Minister of Lands also refused to allow the road to be reduced to less than a chain and a half. (4)


Croydon Mechanics' Institute. 
Photographer: F. W. Wuchatsch. A postcard from my collection.


In September 1907, at a function at the Croydon State School,  Mr Taylor announced that arrangements had just been completed for the purchase by the shire council of six acres of land in Croydon for the use of the residents as a recreation reserve (applause), which was a stepping stone to the establishment of cricket, football and tennis grounds, and a Mechanics' Institute. The council was making the people of Croydon a present of six acres of land, which would be placed at the disposal of a committee of management, to be nominated in the course of a few days. He was satisfied, from the energy which Croydon people generally put into their business, that the Mechanics' Institute would soon be an accomplished fact and that it would accommodate a much larger house even than was present that night. (5)

A month later - At a well attended public meeting held at Croydon last night, the shire president, Cr Hughes presiding, Messrs T. H. Gwillam, A. B. Taylor, J. Broadley, Grey-Smith and A. Hall were appointed trustees of three eighths of an acre of the recreation reserve, set apart by the Shire council as a site for a Mechanics' Institute. (6)

It wasn't until July 1908 that the Lillydale Council announced they intended to borrow £1900 for various projects including the purchase of Land for a Mechanics' Institute and Recreation Purposes at Croydon - £103 and Erection of Buildings at Croydon and Ringwood for Mechanics' Institutes (£500 each) - £1000. (7). With the money eventually secured in the October Cr Taylor, moved at the Lillydale Council meeting-  that a prize of three guineas be offered for a competitive design for the mechanics' institutes. Seconded by Kinsella. (8)  In November 1908, the Shire issued an invitation for designs for the Croydon and Ringwood Mechanics' Institutes. (9)


Inviting designs for the Croydon and Ringwood Mechanics' Institutes
The Argus, November 12, 1908  http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article10172205

Ward and Carleton of 341 Collins Street were the Architects selected to design the building. The firm was established in 1897 when Alfred Carleton commenced a partnership with John Vincent Trumbull Ward. (10).  It appears that the Architects did design a building that could be erected under the £500 budget, however due to Mr Gwillam asking for modifications of the original plans the cost had increased to £700. When the Shire Secretary queried this with them they replied to the Council, as reported in the Lilydale Express in April 1909 - 
From Ward and Carleton, architects for Croydon mechanics' institutes, in reply to the secretary's letter regarding the excessive amount of the tenders received for the building, expressing surprise to learn of a price being received for the hall, on the present drawings, for the moderate sum of £700. The fact was evidently overlooked that they had been instructed from time to time, principally through the council's representative, Mr Gwillam, to make certain additions and alterations. The original design would have come well within the amount specified, £500. (11)

Thomas Henry Gwillam is listed in the Electoral Rolls as a Contractor (builder) of Croydon. He was President of the Croydon Progress Association and the Croydon Arbor Day Association, Secretary of the Rifle Club and later Secretary of the Mechanics' Institute. (12)

In May 1909, the Architects advertised for tenders to erect the building. (13)


Tenders for erection of the Croydon Mechanics' Institute

In June, the Healesville Guardian, reported on the results of the tender process and the article also includes a description of the building -
A special meeting of the Lilydale shire council was held last Friday to deal with tenders for the erection of a mechanics' institute and public hall at Croydon. The president and Crs Taylor, Kinsella, Rouget and Hughes were present. Eleven tenders were received and considered. Cr Taylor moved that the tender of T. Rolfe, at £587, be accepted, subject to the alterations in the specifications proving satisfactory, the work to be completed within three months from the signing of the contract. Seconded by Cr Kinsella and carried. 

The amount of the tender is in excess of the funds, £500, available for the purpose out of the loan raised recently for this and other works, but at the ordinary meeting of the council on the previous Monday Cr Taylor said that there was a sum of £100 lying in the Chief Secretary's office which could be appropriated for the purpose, and that there was a prospect of another vote of £100 being obtained next year, so that there would be a substantial sum remaining for furnishing the building. 

Certain alterations and excisions in Messrs Warde & Carleton's original design have been made in order to reduce the cost of building to something like the amount available from the loan. The design as it now stands shows an imposing building of architectural beauty. On either side of the front vestibule entrance are provided ladies and gentlemen's cloak rooms ; next are a lodge room and library, and then the entrance to the main hall, which is 45 x 32ft. The stage extends practically the width of the hall, and outside are the ladies and gentlemen's anterooms. A verandah also runs along one side of the building; and ventilation and lighting are provided for according to the Board of Health regulations. The new building is to be erected on the Croydon reserve, on the original site of the tennis courts. (14)


Croydon townspeople at the newly built Mechanics' Institute, 1909
Image: McGivern, Muriel A History of Croydon (Victor Publishing, 1967), p. 201.


The building was essentially finished in three months and was officially opened on October 27, 1909 by the Premier, Mr Murray, accompanied by Mr. Evans, M.L.C., and Mr. E. H. Cameron, M.L.A. Cr Taylor was also there in his capacity as Shire President together with a large gathering of other officials and towns folk. (15)  A monster bazaar to raise money for the Mechanics' Institute to be held over four days was organised by the ladies of Croydon, who  were working very enthusiastically, and all kinds of novel idea are being worked out, one of which will be a bachelors' stall, to be presided over by bachelors. The Ladies Committee was headed by  Miss Clapperton, with Mrs Yde as secretary.  Much interest was anticipated in the bazaar as special trains will be run from Croydon to Melbourne each evening, and from Lilydale to Croydon on the 27th and 30th inst. (16)



When Croydon was  a country town, c. 1920s/1930s. 
A panorama of Croydon. Photographer: Rose Stereograph Co,
State Library of Victoria image H32492/4016


Croydon was a scenic and popular tourist spot as this 1906 letter to the editor of the Lilydale Express notes -
March On, Croydon! - Through all the changing scenes of life we will find it hard to beat such a picturesque place as Croydon and its surroundings. Taking into consideration the short distance it is from our noble city of Melbourne, and its reasonable railway fares, can you wonder that within two years and a-half the accommodation for boarders has risen from ten to twenty-eight houses? We have had thousands visiting Croydon this summer, and many more are wending their footsteps this way at an early period. Many places which blow their trumpets loud cannot be compared to the delightful hill and dale of this elevated township; the soft, beautiful clear air is in itself vigorating to the over-worked city man, and will restore health to the most delicate of our womenly women. The pretty rippling streams, the shady nooks for book lovers, the pleasant drives, rich dairy produce, beautiful fruit, and many other attractions, make it hard to supersede. It has been said by travellers who have visited many parts of Australia, England, and the Continent, that the restful, peaceful air which prevails at Croydon is unsurpassed; the rising of the glorious sun in early morn and its setting when the shadows of the evening and the residents of the place think that when the station accommodation is looked into, a new brick building, similar to the Brighton one, would not look out of place and would be a great improvement upon the present boxes. The Mechanics' Institute and sports ground are progressing rapidly, and Croydon henceforth will not be Croydon in word, but Croydon in deed. Folk wishing for health, happiness and vigor, which is a great help to prosperity, should reside in Croydon, and by so doing would be well repaid. Yours, &c. "A Lover of Croydon." (17)


Croydon Mechanics' Institute - open for business, December 1909

Not surprising then, that soon after opening, the Croydon Mechanics' Institute and surrounding  grounds was advertised for let for picnics, parties and Balls. The building was also used for the usual range of activities - a Strawberry Fete in aid of funds for St John's Church of England; performances of the Croydon Comedy Club; a farewell to Mr Hooton, the popular school teacher on his transfer to Mitcham;  a ball to  raise money for the Relief  of Belgium widows and other patriotic functions during the First World War; a concert to celebrate the anniversary of the Presbyterian Church and a bazaar to raise money for St Joseph's Catholic Church. A function held in the hall in October 1919, after the unveiling of the Croydon War Memorial where returned soldiers were 'welcomed home' and presented with an illuminated certificate. (18)

The Mechanics' Institute was also used to show films and the first reference I can find to this was in 1911 when the picture drama, For the Term of his Natural Life was shown in aid of the Football Club. (19).  From the mid-1920s films were presented every Saturday night and in July 1931, Mr Gray Edmeston (20) took over the operation  and installed a sound system and thus could show 'talkies.'  The first 'talkie' film exhibited was The trial of Mary Dugan, with Norma Shearer. (21)  More of Mr Edmeston and his involvement with the hall, later. 


For the Term of his Natural Life film

The building also housed a Library, the first books for which arrived in February 1910, supplied by the Melbourne Public Library as noted by the Lilydale Express - At a meeting of the trustees of the public library held last week a loan of books was granted on the usual terms to the Croydon mechanics' institute committee. (22) In 1944 as the same paper reported that the Croydon Mechanics' Hygienic Library had received a Council grant of £10. (23)  In 1956, a children's library was established in the hall, with free membership to any child. However, there was limited space in the hall with all the other activities it supported and funds were raised to build a new Library. On May 18, 1961 this new Library was officially opened. (24)

As far as the building itself - a caretakers residence was built in 1914, in 1925 the Council granted £40 to go towards renovating and painting the building. The Hall had a board of management who were also guarantors for money lent to them by the Council and in 1928 they were reported as -
F. E. Brown, chairman of board of management of Croydon Mechanics' Hall, forwarding list of names for new guarantors, as follow:— Messrs. F. Arblaster, J. Stuart, A. J. Smith, H. Doods, G. R. Smith, G. Ford. L. Goswinkel, H. Graham, J. T. O'Rourke, F. Turner, J. Bunting, T. Blight. E. Matthews, W. Reed and Captain Robertson.—Adopted. (25)

In 1924, the Croydon branch of the Returned Sailors and Soldiers Imperial League of Australia (R.S. & S.I.L A.)  was established. Muriel McGivern, in her history of Croydon, wrote that  in 1928 they desired to join forces with Hall committee dividing the work and responsibility and in consequence sharing the management and control of both Hall and grounds, including the use of the Hall for their activities. They also desired to alter the name  to Memorial Hall and Mechanics' Institute. After various discussions, including the fact that the Mechanics' Institute constitution required all committee members to also be guarantors and the fact that some of the Committee felt the R.S. & S.I.L A were trying to control the Committee, the amalgamation attempts proved to be  fruitless. (26)

In 1933 the hall was extended and the new works were opened in the December. The Fern Tree Gully News reported - 
On Thursday evening the president of the Lillydale Shire, Cr R. Blair, officially opened the new 
extensions to the much improved Croydon Mechanics' Institute. The sum of £400 had been spent in improvements and extending the hall, the interior of which had been lined with a special sound carrying preparation, while the hall had been extended 12 feet. A new stage 20ft. deep had been erected. The building will now hold an extra 120 people, and 150 new tip chairs have been purchased. In introducing Cr Blair, Mr R.Jansen, president of the hall committee, thanked the citizens of Croydon for their interest and support. He wished to particularly thank Mr A. Pretty, architect, and Mr  Allan, builder, for the splendid way in which the work of extension had been carried out. (27)

A few years later more extensions were added in the Streamlined Moderne style, also designed by Architect Arthur E. Pretty. (28)  These works had been discussed at Council meetings from June 1936 onwards when the issue of renovating and extending the Croydon Mechanics' Hall with the object of converting it into a modern picture theatre was raised and eventually given the go ahead, with a budget of £2000. (29)

The conversion was at the behest of Mr Edmeston, the afore-mentioned the picture show operator, as the existing hall was too small for his shows and patrons were being turned way on some nights. As part of the negotiations Edmeston would have the right to show pictures on a Saturday night and one weekday night for a term of fifteen years, at a rental of £7/10/- per week for the two evenings each week.  (30) In connection with these works, the original committee who also acted as guarantors was annulled, the council took over any financial liabilities and a new committee of councillors and community members was established. (31) Tenders were advertised for the new work  in December 1936. (32)


Tenders invited for the extension of the Croydon Mechanics' Institute
Lilydale Express, December 18, 1936 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article267488592 

Months later in May 1937 there was a progress report in the Lilydale Express -
The contract was signed at the tender fee by the successful tenderers Messrs Pepper and Chenoweth, of Alphington and Ormond, and a start was made on the same day. The contractor states that the work will be completed in 16 weeks, and that arrangements will be made so that the Coronation Ball in the hall on Wednesday, May 12, will not be interfered with. Temporary cloak rooms will be arranged, and the patrons' comfort at the hall will be assured. 

The plans provide for an imposing brick veneer finished front, with four massive folding glass doors, The hall will be widened 8 feet, and extended 30 feet, with a sloping floor on the new portion. There will be a complete new fibro plaster ceiling throughout, and the inside lining it will be of "Insulite"—a new sound proof material. The new supper room will be 32 feet by 23 feet, and the kitchen will be enlarged to 12 feet by 10 feet. an imposing foyer will contain a curved sweet counter and two modern ticket boxes. The right side entrance will contain the cloak rooms. A new modern bio box will be erected. The new building will present an attractive appearance, and will combine the convenience of picture theatre and a public hall. 

It is estimated that this building will meet the requirements of the district for many years to come, and the hall committee have to be congratulated on the successful outcome of their efforts. The contractor states that it is his intention to use as much local labour as possible on the work, and already three local men have been engaged. (33)



Croydon Hall, 1967.
Image: McGivern, Muriel A History of Croydon (Victor Publishing, 1967), p. 198.


The 'new' hall, which ended up costing £2,300 was officially opened by Cr H. Jeeves on September 9, 1937. The local M.L.A., Colonel Knox and the local M.L.C., Mr Chandler were amongst those present. (34) The month before in August, the name of the building had been changed from the Mechanics' Institute to the Croydon Hall, and this new name was proudly displayed on the new facade, as you can see from the photograph, above.  (35)

On January 14, 1955 Gray Edmeston, along with W.E. Spencer and R. Kirby opened the Croydon Village Drive-in Theatre (36).  However, films were still shown in the Hall as in 1956 it became the venue for the newly established Croydon Film Society. It appears the building was then referred to as the Croydon Theatre or the Croydon Hall Cinema. The Film Society moved to the Mooroolbark Community Centre in 1991, and are now based at the Boronia Cinemas. (37) 


Croydon Film Society at the Croydon Theatre (the Hall)
The Age, January 30, 1965, p. 40 from newspapers.com

The building continued to be used for community activities until 1991. Here is a random selection of events held at the Croydon Hall - An exhibition to celebrate the Shire centenary in November 1964;  an Art & Craft Show in December 1974; Sewerage was connected to the building in 1979; the Croydon Community School used it as a venue for their performance, The Frogs by Aristophanes in November 1981;  the Croydon Horticultural Society held a Spring Show in October 1985; in 1987 it was the venue for the auction of seventeen Main Street retail  properties; The Angels played there in December 1990; there was a Garden Show there in March 1991. (38)


Centenary of local government  in 1964 at Croydon Hall
The Age, November 16, 1964, p. 11 from newspapers.com


Art & Craft Exhibition at Croydon Hall in 1974
The Age, December 14, 1974, p. 19 from newspapers.com


Auction of Main Street properties in the Hall in 1987
The Age August 8, 1987, p. 82 from newspapers.com

From 1992, the building, became a Youth Centre, known as EVs and is used by thousands of young people each year as a meeting place, a source of information and education and as an entertainment venue (39). It is operated by the City of Maroondah. 

115 years after it opened the Croydon Mechanics' Institute is still used for community purposes. Whilst I am grateful the building is preserved, it is shame that the three rectangular window at the front of the building have been replaced by a bland square window and the non-original parapet on the verandah partially obscures the Croydon Hall lettering. All that remains now is to find out why it is called EVs. 


EVs Youth Centre - you can still see the original 1909 building behind the 1937 brick extension.
Image: Suzanne Burville 


Acknowledgement -The entry on the Croydon Mechanics' Institute in the book  These Walls Speak Volumes: a history of Mechanics' Institutes in Victoria by Pam Baragwanath and Ken James (published by the authors in 2015) was a useful starting point for this post.

Trove list - I have created a list of articles on Trove, related to the Mechanics' Institute and some of the people involved with it. Access it here.

Footnotes
(1) Box Hill Reporter, November 3, 1905, see here.
(3)  Arthur Taylor - See various articles in my Trove list, here; including his obituary in The Argus, October 22, 1938, see here. Also the Camberwell Grammar website     https://www.cgs.vic.edu.au/our-school/our-history
(4) Lilydale Express, October 19, 1906, see here.
(5) Lilydale Express, September 20, 1907, see here.
(6) Lilydale Express, October 11, 1907, see here.
(7) Lilydale Express, July 10, 1908, see here.
(8) Lilydale Express, October 2, 1908, see here.
(9) The Argus, November 12, 1908, see here.
(10) Death notice of John Ward - The Argus, July 29, 1927,  see here; Obituary of Alfred Carleton - The Age, February 21, 1936, see here.
(11) Lilydale Express, April 30, 1909, see here.
(12) Thomas Henry Gwillam, died 1930 - See various articles in my Trove list, here.
(13) The Age, May 19, 1909, see here.  
(14) Healesville Guardian, June 4 1909, see here.
(15) The Age, October 28, 1909, see here; The Argus, October 28, 1909, see here.
(16) Box Hill Reporter, September 3, 1909, see herePunch, October 21, 1909, see here.
(17) Lilydale Express, April 20, 1906, see here.
(18) See various articles in my Trove list, here.
(19) The Age, May 12, 1911, see here
(20) Gray Denison Edmeston, the son of Harold and Elizabeth Edmeston.  Harold was, as noted in the Electoral Rolls, a Musician and sometimes listed as a Professor of Music. In the early 1920s they operated a guesthouse, The Marlborough, Fernshaw Road, Healesville. Gray married Carol Segerberg in 1935 and he died at the age of 87 in August 1996


The Age, August 28, 1996, p. 44. newspapers.com

(21) McGivern, Muriel A History of Croydon (Victor Publishing, 1967), p. 204. Also Cinema Record, Issue 24, June 1999 https://www.cinemarecord.org.au/read/cr24/files/basic-html/page9.html
(22) Lilydale Express, February 4, 1910, see here.
(23) Lilydale Express, December 1, 1944, see here.
(24) McGivern, op. cit., p. 210.
(25) See various articles in my Trove list, here and Lilydale Express, April 27, 1928, see here.
(26) McGivern, op. cit., pp. 201-202.
(27) Fern Tree Gully News, December 15, 1933, see here.
(29) See various articles in my Trove list, here
(30) Lilydale Express, December 4, 1936, see here.
(31) Ibid
(32) Lilydale Express, December 18, 1936, see here 
(33) Lilydale Express, May 14, 1937, see here.
(34) Sun News-Pictorial, September 11, 1937, see here.
(35) McGivern, op. cit., p. 204.
(36) McGivern, op. cit., p. 162.
(37) Croydon Film Society website https://www.croydonfilms.org.au/about/ Cinema Treasurers website https://cinematreasures.org/theaters/31890 - has links to interior photos.
(38) These were found in The Age on newspapers.com
(39) Music Victoria website https://www.musicvictoria.com.au/directory-item/evs-youth-centre/  The 1992 date comes from the first reference I could find in The Age on newspapers.com